13 The Mating-Type Genes of the Basidiomycetes
Basidiomycete mating-type genes are encoded by two different factors resulting in a tetrapolar mating system where a cross can lead to one of four different reactions, only one of which results in a fertile state. Pairs of homeodomain transcription factor
- PDF / 1,947,131 Bytes
- 21 Pages / 504.567 x 720 pts Page_size
- 7 Downloads / 146 Views
The Mating-Type Genes of the Basidiomycetes
DANIELA FREIHORST1, THOMAS J. FOWLER2, KIRK BARTHOLOMEW3, MARJATTA RAUDASKOSKI4, J. STEPHEN HORTON5, ERIKA KOTHE1
CONTENTS I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 II. Homeodomain Transcription Factor Gene Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 III. Pheromone and Receptor Gene Sets . . . . . . . . . 334 A. Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 B. Pheromones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 C. Non-mating Type Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 D. Basidiomycete Mating Type Gene Radiation: Evolutionary Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
I. Introduction The process of fungal mating needs to be controlled with respect to timing, mate choice and subsequent developmental processes. Since the 1920s (Kniep 1920, 1922), basidiomycete mating behaviour has been known to be regulated by two independent mating factors, A and B. The four potential outcomes of a mating interaction define what is termed the tetrapolar mating system. For the mushroom-forming basidiomycetes, hyphae from different strains fuse irrespective of mating types, and as a result, the mating-type genes do not determine the out1 Institute for Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Box 1651, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA 3 Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA 4 Department of Biochemistry, Plant Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Biocity A, Tykisto¨k. 6A 20520, Turku, Finland 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Union College, Peter Irving Wold Center, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
come of a cross before hyphal anastomosis. In case of partners of identical mating type, the resulting incompatible interaction lacks any fertile stages. Each monokaryotic hypha containing a single haploid nucleus per cell will continue to grow as before. There are two types of interaction termed semi-compatible matings. If the two mates differ in their B mating types, a reciprocal nuclear exchange takes place, while a difference solely at A mating types leads to a barrage reaction separating the two mycelia on solid media. It is only if there is a difference in both A and B that a fully compatible mating will ensue, with the growth of dikaryotic hyphae containing the two different nuclei derived from each mating partner present in every cell. This fertile dikaryon is able to develop fruiting bodies (reviewed in Pelkmans et al. 2016). In the developing basidia within the hymenium of fruiting bodies, karyogamy will take place, resulting in a very short diploid stage, quickly followed by meiosis and sexual spore production. In many basidi
Data Loading...
