16S rRNA Gene and Transcript Profiling: an Application on Full-scale Anaerobic Reactors of Wastewater Sludges
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16S rRNA Gene and Transcript Profiling: an Application on Full-scale Anaerobic Reactors of Wastewater Sludges Deborah Traversi 1 Roberta Gorra 3
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Caterina Armato 1 & Elisa Anedda 1 & Eugenio Lorenzi 2 & Ilaria Mania 3 & Giorgio Gilli 1 &
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Sludge anaerobic digestion is a wastewater treatment plant crucial point for the impact mitigation on environment. Such process reduces the disposable sludge volume and pollution potential, generating biogas. Despite its crucial role, sludge digestion microbiology is not clearly understood. In this work, the characterization of the microbiota into digesters fed by primary and secondary sludges was performed. Two sampling sessions were conducted and more than 120 samples were extracted and analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Cluster analysis on DGGE profiles suggested the presence of diverse communities associated with different sludge characteristics (ANOVA, p < 0.01) and Shannon’s diversity index showed higher evenness into the secondary one. Moreover, the comparison of community structure based on DNA and bacterial rRNA genes highlighted the presence of unexpressed bacterial genome, leading to a potential functionality overestimation using a DNA-based approach (Shannon index mean − 16%, t test, p < 0.05). This approach has proven to be suitable for a first useful assessment of microbial community dynamics during the anaerobic digestion process.
Keywords Anaerobic digestion . WWTP . Anaerobic communities . Digester microbiota . DGGE Abbreviations WWTP Wastewater treatment plant HRT Hydraulic retention time
Introduction Nowadays our world is facing an important water emergency caused by some factors such as population growth, pollution, climate changes, and an increased demand for high-quality water intended for households and manufacturing [1].
Highlights The microbiota involved into the anaerobic digestion of sludge into WWTP is not well known. DGGE Cluster analysis is able to separate sludge samples coming from different treatment steps. Sludge Bacteria and Archaea α- and β-diversity is quite valuable. Shannon’s index decreased during acidosis condition, especially considering expression profile. Methanosarcinales and Methanospirillaceae were dominant in full-scale AD effluents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-10012-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Deborah Traversi [email protected] 1
Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
2
SMAT - Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A., Corso XI Febbraio, 14 10152 Turin, Italy
3
DISAFA, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
Bioenerg. Res.
Suggested solutions include an increased water productivity, pollution control, and wastewater recycle and reuse [2]. Wastewater is addressed to treatment plant (WWTP) where it undergoes various treatments th
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