3D printed PLA/copper bowtie antenna for biomedical imaging applications
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SCIENTIFIC PAPER
3D printed PLA/copper bowtie antenna for biomedical imaging applications Emine Avşar Aydın1 · Ahmet Refah Torun1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine 2020
Abstract This study aims to increase the performance of the microwave antenna by using 3D printed conductive substrates, which is mainly used in biomedical imaging applications. Conventional antennas such as Horn and Vivaldi have coarse dimensions to integrate into the microwave imaging systems. Therefore, 3D printed Bowtie antenna structures were developed, which yield low cost and smaller sizes. PLA, PLA/copper, and PLA/carbon substrates were produced with a 3D printer. These materials were tested in terms of their dielectric constants between 1 and 10 GHz. The conductive part of the antenna was copper, with a thickness of 0.8 mm, which was embedded in the substrate parts. The reflection coefficients of the antennas were tested within 0–3 GHz frequency range via miniVNA network analyzer. The results show that the 3D printed PLA/ copper and PLA/carbon antenna are highly suitable for the usage in biomedical imaging systems. Keywords Bowtie antenna · biomedical imaging · 3D printing · dielectric constant · PLA
Introduction Throughout the world, breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types found among women [1]. Thousands of women die of this disease every year. Early detection and timely treatment promise the reduction of the severe consequences of this cancer type and increase the chances of long-term survival. Decades ago, there was no technique for the detection of breast cancer at its early stage; nevertheless, innovations in technology completely changed the situation. Firstly, X-ray imaging was used for the detecting of breast tissues. Mammography was not a conventional technology until the 60s. In the past decade, investments in breast cancer research have significantly been accelerated. The rapid emergence of many new technologies increases the prospect of early detection expectations. There is only one screening method for breast cancer, which is accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), namely mammography. However, the * Emine Avşar Aydın [email protected] 1
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Balcalı Mahallesi, Çatalan Caddesi No:201/1, 01250 Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey
mammography screening became a highly controversial issue because of its lack of complete reliability and its side effects also to the psychology of the patients who received false results [2]. Additionally, it is known that the mammography tested women are more likely to develop breast cancer because of the radiation during testing [3, 4]. Physical pain is another major drawback of this screening method as the breast of the women is compressed during examination [5]. Scanning of the breast tissue with the ultrasound device is another method to search for breast cancer. The echoes of the transmitted
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