3D-Printed Tree Knothole Fillers for On-Demand Tree Reconstruction
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Online ISSN 2234-1862 Print ISSN 1738-1266
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
3D-Printed Tree Knothole Fillers for On-Demand Tree Reconstruction Juo Lee 1 & Eun-Chae Jang 1 & Tae Young An 1 & Eunbee Cho 1 & Kyeong-sik Choi 1 & Kyoung-Je Jang 2 & Hoon Seonwoo 1 Received: 27 April 2020 / Revised: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 # The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2020
Abstract Purpose When trees grow, they can rotate or break by external forces, forming holes on the exterior. These holes are bad for aesthetics and significant factors in the quality drop of the trees. These problems should not be in trees like national natural monuments, and we should preserve these trees. Currently, the trees are treated by filling the holes site with polyurethane (PU) filler. However, this method is still not good for external recovery, especially for color and surface texture. In this study, we tried to reconstruct the external structure of the holes sites of the tree with 3D scanning and printing methods. Methods 3D scanning was carried out to transfer the holes of a tree to a modeling program and reverse engineer the holes in the tree. The reverse-engineered fillers were 3D-printed with fused deposition modeling methods. Results The texture of 3D-printed fillers was significantly better than that of PU fillers. It was confirmed that the artificial bark skin made using reverse engineering technique is more similar in color and texture to the actual bark than the traditional artificial bark skin using urethane foam. The method was possible to realize more aesthetically tree-like surfaces compared with conventional methods. Keywords Tree treatment . Knothole . 3D printer . Reverse engineering
Introduction While growing, trees can be hurt by meteorological factors, pathogens, animals, or humans. When the wounds are small, it is naturally cured by the self-defense mechanism. On contrary, when the wounds are large, they cannot be cured naturally. Furthermore, as holes continuously widen, the cavity is created (Lee 2015). Trunk surgery is operated in the holes in order to prevent the cavity from decaying, increasing the physical support of the cavities, and have an aesthetic appearance. Urethane, thiophanate-methyl, and red clay are commonly used as materials for trunk surgery. These fillers increase the mechanical strength of the tree and can prevent some further decay (Lee 2015). However, the methods just fill the hole of * Kyoung-Je Jang [email protected] * Hoon Seonwoo [email protected] 1
Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922, South Korea
2
Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
the trees by reinforcements without aesthetic satisfactions and could not recover the defected region. It does not reconstruct the original shapes of the trees because current methods have limitations in customizing the fillers according to va
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