3D Reconstruction of Archaeological Trenches from Photographs
This paper presents a method for 3D reconstructions of archaeological excavation sites. The method extends a 3D reconstruction algorithm for general rigid scenes to better fit the special archaeological needs and to integrate easily into the documentation
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3D Reconstruction of Archaeological Trenches from Photographs Robert Wulf, Anne Sedlazeck, and Reinhard Koch
Abstract This paper presents a method for 3D reconstructions of archaeological excavation sites. The method extends a 3D reconstruction algorithm for general rigid scenes to better fit the special archaeological needs and to integrate easily into the documentation process. As input, an ordered image sequence captured with a calibrated standard digital camera is required, along with a small set of 3D points from the trench with well-known coordinates. The 3D points are used to transform the model into the world coordinate system used at the excavation site, so measuring in the model and fusing it with other models becomes possible. Furthermore, a new algorithm called LoopClosing is introduced to minimize drift and increase accuracy. The resulting models provide lasting 3D representations of the trenches and allow the user to explore the scene interactively, not being restricted to a photographer’s point of view. True orthographic views can be generated from the 3D models that can be correlated with other archaeological data. Keywords 3D documentation • Computer vision in archaeology • Structure from motion
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Introduction
When working in archaeological excavations, the configuration of finds and features needs to be well-documented. A lot of techniques are used in the documentation procedure including drawings, measuring, photogrammetry, photographs, and CAD drawings—most of them being very time-consuming. This extensive documentation
R. Wulf (*) • A. Sedlazeck • R. Koch Multimedia Information Processing Group, Department of Computer Science, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] H.G. Bock et al. (eds.), Scientific Computing and Cultural Heritage, Contributions in Mathematical and Computational Sciences 3, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28021-4_29, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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mainly serves the purpose of retaining representations of the configuration for later research because the configuration is usually destroyed when the next layer in a trench is unveiled. We therefore propose the computation of digital 3D models of a trench by extracting the implicitly contained geometric properties of the scene from a sequence of images. This is achieved by adapting an existing algorithm for 3D reconstruction of general rigid scenes (Pollefeys et al. [1]) to meet the special needs of archaeologists. The resulting 3D models offer an intuitive way for visualizing the configuration interactively and hence can help in retrospective interpretations of the finds and features. Another advantage is the ability to create real orthographic views from any direction. So far, such views are approximated by rectifying a perspective image. However, this rectification has its limitations due to occlusions and protruding objects. In addition, the models allow for measuring
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