A 3D motion analysis study comparing the effectiveness of cervical spine orthoses at restricting spinal motion through p
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A 3D motion analysis study comparing the effectiveness of cervical spine orthoses at restricting spinal motion through physiological ranges Nicholas Rhys Evans • Georgina Hooper • Rachel Edwards • Gemma Whatling • Valerie Sparkes • Cathy Holt • Sashin Ahuja
Received: 5 November 2012 / Revised: 13 December 2012 / Accepted: 18 December 2012 / Published online: 4 January 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Objective To compare the effectiveness of the Aspen, Aspen Vista, Philadelphia, Miami-J and Miami-J Advanced collars at restricting cervical spine movement in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes. Methods Nineteen healthy volunteers (12 female, 7 male) were recruited to the study. Collars were fitted by an approved physiotherapist. Eight ProReflex (Qualisys, Sweden) infrared cameras were used to track the movement of retro-reflective marker clusters placed in predetermined positions on the head and trunk. 3D kinematic data were collected during forward flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation from uncollared to collared subjects. The physiological range of motion in the three planes was analysed using the Qualisys Track Manager System. N. R. Evans (&) Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: N. R. Evans Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Level F, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Rd, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK G. Hooper Physiotherapy Department, University Hospital Llandough, Penlan Road, Cardiff, UK R. Edwards S. Ahuja Cardiff Spinal Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK G. Whatling V. Sparkes C. Holt Cardiff School of Healthcare Studies, Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
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Results The Aspen and Philadelphia were significantly more effective at restricting flexion/extension than the Vista (p \ 0.001), Miami-J (p \ 0.001 and p \ 0.01) and Miami-J Advanced (p \ 0.01 and p \ 0.05). The Aspen was significantly more effective at restricting rotation than the Vista (p \ 0.001) and the Miami-J (p \ 0.05). The Vista was significantly the least effective collar at restricting lateral bending (p \ 0.001). Conclusion Our motion analysis study found the Aspen collar to be superior to the other collars when measuring restriction of movement of the cervical spine in all planes, particularly the sagittal and transverse planes, while the Aspen Vista was the least effective collar. Keywords 3D motion analysis Cervical spine Kinematics Cervical orthoses
Introduction Cervical orthoses are used in the management of patients following cervical spine injury or surgery to provide stability and protection to the spinal cord by reducing spinal motion. Although a number of orthoses are commercially available, there is currently no consensus as to which offers the greatest protection, with studies showing co
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