A binuclear ruthenium polypyridyl complex: synthesis, characterization, pH luminescence sensor and electrochemical prope
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A binuclear ruthenium polypyridyl complex: synthesis, characterization, pH luminescence sensor and electrochemical properties Hongju Yin1 · Zining Liu2 · Shiwen Yu1 · Yuting Yang1 · Jianwei Dong1 · Xueqin Yang1 · Fan Wang1 · Chixian He2 · Feixiang Cheng1,2 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The binuclear ruthenium complex [ Ru2(bpy)4L](PF6)4 [Ru1(PF6)4, where L = 9,10-bis(3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10] phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)anthracene and bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine], was designed and synthesized as pH sensing probe. The spectroscopic data displayed the anthryl-moiety characteristic absorptions at 353 nm, 373 nm and 394 nm, respectively, and MLCT absorptions at 428 nm and 457 nm. The acid–base properties of the Ru complex ion were characterized, and the ground- and excited-state acid ionization constants were derived by UV–visible absorption and emission spectra. The results showed the luminescence of Ru1 decreased obviously with the increases of pH. The electrochemical properties of Ru1 were discussed, showing one Ru (II)-centered oxidation at around 1.31 V and three ligand-centered reductions.
Introduction Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes continue to be a favored area of research owing to their large Stokes’ shifts, long emission lifetime and high photostability and their use in solar energy conversion [1, 2], light-to-chemical [3], energy conversion [4], antitumor agents [5, 6], luminescent sensors [7, 8], nonlinear optical materials [9], luminescence cellular imaging [10, 11] and photodynamic therapy [12]. Luminescent pH sensors have found wide applications for in situ pH monitoring in the fields of chemistry, biomedicine and environmental analysis. Moreover, pH plays a vital Hongju Yin and Zining Liu have contributed equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-020-00420-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chixian He [email protected] * Feixiang Cheng [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
Center for Yunnan‑Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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role in regulating many biomedical processes [13], making sensing and logic molecular devices [14–16]. To the best of our knowledge, organic dye molecules such as naphthalene, fluorescein and coumarin derivatives have been widely used as pH sensors and probes [17], but their applications are limited by their small Stokes’ shifts and overlapping pKa values. The protonatable/deprotonatable groups of pyridine [18, 19], phosphonic acid [20], carboxylic acid [21], hydroxyl [22] and imidazole could efficiently regulate the photophysical properties of ruthenium complexes. Where protonated/deprotonated imidazolium ring groups can significantly modulate the absorption, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of ruthenium complexes
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