A Biomimicking Method for Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites and Study of Their Physicochemical Properties
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MER COMPOSITE MATERIALS
A Biomimicking Method for Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites and Study of Their Physicochemical Properties T. A. Voeikovaa, *, O. A. Zhuravliovaa, V. S. Kuligina, E. V. Ivanovb, E. I. Kozhukhovab, A. S. Egorovb, E. A. Chigorinab, B. M. Bolotinb, and V. G. Debabova aNational
Research Center Kurchatov Institute—GOSNIIGENETIKA, Moscow, 117545 Russia National Research Center Kurchatov Institute—IREA, Moscow, 107076 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received October 7, 2019; revised October 23, 2019; accepted October 23, 2019
Abstract—NpCdS nanocrystals are prepared by a microbial synthesis technique at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”—GOSNIIGENETIKA. The stabilizing layer of nanocrystals consists of proteins, and the composition of the protein layer depends on the strain used in nanoparticle (NP) biosynthesis. The morphology and size, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta-potential, and luminescence properties of the biogenic NPs are investigated using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and spectrofluorimetry, and the NPs are identified as quantum dots. The effects that temperature, pressure, and solvents have on the stability and luminescence intensity of biogenic NPs are studied in collaboration with the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute—IREA. For the aqueous NpCdS suspension, the dependence of luminescence intensity on the NP concentration range is established. The feasibility of incorporation and identification of NpCdS in an epoxy resin, polyimide, and polyvinyl alcohol is evaluated. Polymer nanocomposites find use in optoelectronics, biomedicine, and agriculture. Keywords: biogenic NpCdS, protein layer, quantum dots, luminescence, polymer matrices, nanocomposites DOI: 10.1134/S2075113320060325
INTRODUCTION Currently, solutions to high-technology problems are sought through active introduction of semiconducting nanocrystals (or quantum dots—QDs) of silver, cadmium, and zinc sulfides into production of optoelectronics, photocatalysts, biosensors, and targeted delivery drugs [1, 2]. This is mainly because of exceptional optical and chemical properties of this type of nanomaterials, which are determined by their small sizes comparable to the Borh radius (~10 nm) [3]. The properties of metal chalcogenide QDs include the following: high quantum yield (up to ~80%) [4]; narrow fluorescence peaks, their position depending on controllable properties, in particular, the size and elemental composition of the nanocrystals; broad absorption spectrum; broad excitation range, which allows us to excite QDs of different colors with a single radiation source [3]; high fluorescence intensity; and enhanced stability against photobleaching [5]. These advantages of QDs over conventional organic fluorophores instigate the development and optimization of methods for synthesizing fluorescent QDs, modeling their structure, and creating new materials in which they are used [6]. The key requirements on QD nanocrystals are that they must be resistant to agglomeration and able to
preserve th
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