A case-control study of mental health status of diabetic patients seen in Calabar, Nigeria
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A case-control study of mental health status of diabetic patients seen in Calabar, Nigeria U. Asibong 1 & A. Ayuk 1 & O. Enang 2 & O. Omoronyia 3 Received: 5 September 2019 / Accepted: 27 April 2020 # Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India 2020
Abstract Background There has been a rise in burden and risk factors for development and progression of diabetes mellitus in developing countries. The associated multisystemic complications and the burden of care potentially impair mental health status of sufferers. This study was aimed at assessing mental health status among diabetic patients in a developing country setting. Methods Case-control study design was used, and subjects were recruited using random sampling method. Cases were recruited from medical wards and clinics in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, for 14 weeks beginning mid-April through mid-July 2019. Age- and sex-matched non-diabetic normotensive controls were civil servants. Validated and pretested PHQ-9 instrument was used to assess mental health status, and clinical depression was defined as score > 10. p value was set at 0.05. Results One hundred and sixty-five diabetic patients and their matched controls were studied, with male/female ratio of 1:0.9. Mean age was 54.9 ± 9.6 years. Prevalence of clinical depression was 17.2% and 23.1% for male and female diabetics, respectively. For both male and female subjects, significantly higher proportion of cases compared with controls had clinical depression (p < 0.05). Among female cases, presence of comorbid hypertension, BMI, level of blood pressure, and duration of diabetes were directly associated with depression (p < 0.05). Among male cases, older age, occasional consumption of alcohol, and better glycemic control were associated with depression (p < 0.05). Conclusion There is high prevalence of depression among diabetic males and females, with potential untoward effects on outcome of care. More robust collaboration between diabetologist and mental health specialist is therefore recommended to address this unmet need. Keywords Diabetes mellitus . Mental health . Depression . Calabar . Nigeria
Introduction By 2030, an estimated 366 million people will be living with type 2 diabetes characterized by impaired regulation of blood glucose [1]. The chronic disease currently constitutes at least 10% of international health expenditure [2], and patients have to endure or cope with potentially complex lifestyle
* O. Omoronyia [email protected] 1
Department of Family Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
2
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
3
Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
modifications and compliance with medications [3]. Psychologically stable diabetic patients are more able and likely to sustainably provide better self-care, as well as access available healthcare services for prevention of disease progression [3]. The situation however becomes different or wors
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