A case of a dog refractory to different treatments for pulmonary capillariasis
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TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS - SHORT COMMUNICATION
A case of a dog refractory to different treatments for pulmonary capillariasis Benedetto Morandi 1 & Maria Chiara Sabetti 1 & Fabrizia Veronesi 2 & Giulia Morganti 2 & Marco Pietra 1 & Giovanni Poglayen 1 & Nikolina Linta 1 & Gary Conboy 3 & Roberta Galuppi 1 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pulmonary capillariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the nematode Eucoleus aerophilus which affects wild and domestic carnivores. Currently, there are no anthelmintics approved for use in the treatment of dogs infected with E. aerophilus. The use of several anthelmintics has been reported in a few case reports and field efficacy studies in cats; much less is known on the treatment of dogs infected with E. aerophilus. The paper describes a case of a 4-month-old, mixed breed intact male referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the Department of Veterinary Medical Science of the University of Bologna for a routine vaccination and tested positive for E. aerophilus. The dog has not been responding to three different administered treatments, such as moxidectin, fenbendazole, and milbemycin oxime. Eighteen months after the first fecal examination, owner has brought in the dog for a routine visit; a coprological examination was requested and performed resulting negative for parasites. Veterinary practitioners, parasitologists, diagnostic laboratories, and dog owners need to be aware of the increased danger of possible treatment failure when attempting to control parasitic infections for which there are no approved anthelmintics with established efficacies available for use. Keywords Eucoleus aerophilus . Dog . Treatments . Moxidectin . Fenbendazole . Milbemycin oxime . Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Introduction Eucoleus aerophilus (Dujardin, 1845), also called fox lungworm, is a parasitic nematode belonging to the Trichuridae family, which affects wild and domestic carnivores (Levine 1980). Occasionally, humans can act as an accidental host, with 11 cases reported to date (Lalošević et al. 2008).
Section Editor: Domenico Otranto * Benedetto Morandi [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
2
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
3
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
Eucoleus aerophilus has a worldwide distribution. In Italy, different rates of prevalence have been reported, ranging from 0.5 to 6.1%, based on the region involved (Traversa et al. 2019) or 8% if hunting dogs are involved (Veronesi pers comm). There is confusion concerning the life cycle due to the contradictory results reported from older studies indicating that transmission may be direct from ingestion of larvated eggs o
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