A community-based study of demographics, medical and psychiatric conditions, and gender dysphoria/incongruence treatment
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RESEARCH
Open Access
A community-based study of demographics, medical and psychiatric conditions, and gender dysphoria/ incongruence treatment in transgender/ gender diverse individuals Haleigh A. James1†, Alice Y. Chang1†, Reese L. Imhof2, Aradhana Sahoo2, Monique M. Montenegro2, Nicole R. Imhof1, Cesar A. Gonzalez3, Aida N. Lteif4, Todd B. Nippoldt1† and Caroline J. Davidge-Pitts1*†
Abstract Background: Current understanding about health care in the gender diverse population is limited by the lack of community-based, longitudinal data, especially in the USA. We sought to characterize a community-based cohort of transgender individuals including demographics, gender identities, social characteristics, psychiatric and medical conditions, and medical therapy for gender dysphoria/incongruence. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of gender diverse residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who sought gender-specific healthcare from January 1, 1974, through December 31, 2015, using an infrastructure that links medical records of Olmsted County residents from multiple institutions. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Haleigh A James and Alice Y Chang are co-first authors. Todd B Nippoldt and Caroline J Davidge-Pitts are co-senior authors. 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
James et al. Biology of Sex Differences
(2020) 11:55
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Results: The number of patients seeking gender-specific healthcare increased from 1 to 2 per 5-year interval during the 1970s–1990s to 41 from 2011 to 2015 (n = 82). Forty-nine (59.8%) were assigned male sex at birth (AMAB), 31 (37.8%) were assigned female (AFAB), and 2 (2.4%) were intersex. Gender identities evolved over time in 16.3% and 16.1% of patients AMA
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