A Comparative Study of Localization Methods in Indoor Environments
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A Comparative Study of Localization Methods in Indoor Environments Josefa Gomez · Abdelhamid Tayebi · Antonio del Corte · Oscar Gutierrez · Jose Manuel Gomez · Francisco Saez de Adana
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract A comparative study, based on three different measurements (direction of ray arrival, time difference of arrival and received signal strength), to compute the unknown position of mobile stations in indoor environments is presented in this paper. The comparison is carried out considering the results of analyses in a real building in Madrid. To overcome the problems that arise in indoor areas due to the presence of non line of sight conditions, the fingerprinting technique is applied in each of the cases. Data for computations are provided by a simulation tool based on the uniform theory of diffraction and ray-tracing techniques. This information is stored in the fingerprinting database and contains information related to every mobile station, every reference node and every access point located inside the environment under analysis. Experimental results compare the mean error when localizing several mobile stations by using the three different approaches. The goal is to obtain high precision in the localization by means of alternative methods to the received signal strength
J. Gomez · A. Tayebi · O. Gutierrez · J. M. Gomez · F. Saez de Adana · A. del Corte Computer Science Department, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28806 Madrid, Spain J. Gomez e-mail: [email protected] A. Tayebi e-mail: [email protected] O. Gutierrez e-mail: [email protected] J. M. Gomez e-mail: [email protected] F. Saez de Adana e-mail: [email protected] A. del Corte (B) Department of Automatic, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28806 Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
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classical measurement. These techniques will be useful in critical environments where high operational security requirement are demanded. Keywords
Fingerprinting · Localization · Ray-Tracing · UTD
1 Introduction Many localization systems, for both indoor and outdoor environments, have arisen recently because of the high demand of mobile wireless devices. People all over the world own portable devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs, and future communication systems will tend to increasingly use wireless standards. For this reason, research in this direction has grown in the last several decades [1–4]. Indoor localization can be applied to many real situations such as the locations of trolleys in airports, wheelchairs in hospitals, and items in stores. However, the positioning of mobile stations in outdoor areas is also useful for several applications, for instance, to send personalized advertising based on the user’s position or even to inform a person waiting for a bus how long it will take for that bus to arrive. The way to determine the position of the mobile user in an environment is relativel
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