A comparative study on the optimization of the fatty acids pretreatment parameters using central composite design with r
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A comparative study on the optimization of the fatty acids pretreatment parameters using central composite design with response surface methodology Marjan Borazjani1 · Morteza Bahram2 · Mohammad Hossein Banabazi1 Received: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract Comparative studies on esterification methods for the quantitative determination of fatty acids (FAs) were accomplished using a rotatable central composite design (RCCD). The effect of the three methylation methods on the isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in gas chromatography analysis was also evaluated. The experimental design showed that the effect of both temperature and duration time of reaction on the recovery of methylation was significant. After optimization, the method was validated and the results for linearity, precision, and limit of detection (LOD) were presented. Methods were similar on account of the fatty acid methyl esters recovery (%) determined (91.30–96.44%). The acid-catalyzed procedures gave no isomerization of conjugated dienes and no artifacts, but artifacts were observed by using a methyl chloroformate reagent. Therefore, the optimized acid-catalyzed methylation process would be more convenient for polyunsaturated fatty acid analysis, whereas methyl chloroformate reagent would be an alternative for fast analysis. Keywords Gas chromatography · Fatty acids · Methylation methods · Central composite design (CCD) · Isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids
Introduction Quantification of fatty acids (FAs) profile is an important issue in the food industry [1], in medical science as a biomarker of human disease [16], determinant of cell function and biological procedures [14], animal feeding [24] and animal phenotype identification [15]. The classical methodology developed for sample pretreatment of FAs involves acid-catalyzed methylation and study by capillary gas chromatography [13]. For fatty acid analysis, it is important Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-020-01967-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marjan Borazjani [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box: 3146618361, Karaj, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, P.O. Box 5756151818, Urmia, Iran
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to consider that fatty acids are found in the free state or bonded in the triglyceride structure. To determine the total amount of fatty acids, it is necessary to use a method that can simultaneously esterify the free fatty acids (FFAs) and trans-esterify the bound fatty acids (BFAs). The most important limitation of base-catalyzed procedures is that they are applicable only for BFAs trans-esterification. Also, other reagents like diazomethane, are limited to only FFAs esterification [4]. Because of the similarity of acid-catalyzed
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