A comparison LCA of the common steel rebars and FRP

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(2020) 5:8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

A comparison LCA of the common steel rebars and FRP Gamze Yücel Işildar1 · Saeed Morsali1   · Zhaleh Hamed Zar Gari1 Received: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 January 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Abstract The use of fiberglass-reinforced polymer (GFRP) as an alternative solution in strengthened concrete technology significantly has been increased recently. Fiberglass rebar (GFRP) took a stronger position in modern construction. This is due, on the one hand, to its high specific strength (ratio of strength to specific gravity) and on the other hand, too high corrosion resistance, frost resistance, and low thermal conductivity. Its non-corrosive nature has turned the attention of many researchers to make several studies on the different types of GFRP products. Insufficient resources for metal increase the requirement for renewable resources such as composites. However it is considered the environmental issues as a most significant problems which needs to study in every case, from this point of view despite all the GFRP advantages the environmental impacts of this material takes an important place to study, in this study the production stage of GFRP has been studied, in addition to better understand of the issue a comparison between steel rebars and GFRP was conducted, a significant environmental impact was seen in GFRP production process which needs to be considered for production of these materials. Keywords  GFRP rebars · Steel rebars · Reinforced concrete · LCA of the GFRP · Green production

1 Introduction Limited resources, high prices and lack of mechanical properties persuade scientists and industry to find out new mechanically improved and less environmentally harmful materials with low cost for production and maintenance after being used under the service. Steel corrosion is the main source of damage and early failure of reinforcement concrete structures that in turns create huge economical loss and creating environmental problems, As far as corrosion control techniques for steel reinforced concrete are concerned, several methods such as cathodic protection, electrochemical chloride extraction, surface treatments of the steel, surface treatment of concrete, utilization of mineral admixtures and chemical corrosion inhibitors have been developed in the * Saeed Morsali [email protected] Gamze Yücel Işildar [email protected] Zhaleh Hamed Zar Gari [email protected] 1



Department of Environmental Science, Gazi University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara, Turkey

past [1]. With the progress of the science hybrid composites takes new steps into the construction sector as well, after the use of Glass, Carbon, Aramid, and Basalt fiber composites, new generation fiberglass-reinforced polymer (GFRP) are widely using in construction. Currently, the construction industry is widely used composite reinforcement of ultrastrong glass fiber. The recent advances in GFRP composite technologies, however, have resulted in the application of GFRP as i