A comprehensive review of compassion fatigue in pre-licensure health students: antecedents, attributes, and consequences
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A comprehensive review of compassion fatigue in pre-licensure health students: antecedents, attributes, and consequences Kathryn M. Chachula 1 Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Compassion fatigue has been documented in the nursing and allied health literature as an emerging issue for health professionals. Little is known regarding the experience of compassion fatigue in undergraduate, pre-licensure students entering health care professions. This study used Walker and Avant’s concept analysis methodology to explain antecedents, attributes, and consequences of compassion fatigue in undergraduate, pre-licensure students. Exploration of the published literature from January 1992–April 2020 occurred using systematic review criteria based on the Joanna Briggs Institute. Findings revealed three antecedents that included: Coping Ability; Self-Efficacy; and Clinical and Occupational Hazards. Three defining attributes of compassion fatigue included: Psychological Stress; Witnessing Negative Experiences of Others; and Depression. Consequences included: Decreased Well-Being; and Program Withdrawal and Intention-to-Leave. The results offer new perspectives and opportunities for research in pre-licensure health studies undergraduate students expected to uphold the values of their professional program prior to entry into the workforce. Keywords Concept analysis . Burnout . Secondary traumatic stress . Compassion fatigue . Pre-licensure students . Baccalaureate students . Comprehensive literature review
Introduction Interest in psychological traumatic injury has persisted for centuries (Lasiuk and Hegadoren 2006) with the field of traumatology blossoming in the 1980s (Morrissette 2004). Despite several decades of study, ongoing research is needed to understand how helping professionals manage the personal pain associated with helping others (Morrissette 2004). Carla Joinson (1992) was one of the first nurses to discuss compassion fatigue (CF) in the published literature and referred to CF as being “emotionally devastating” requiring awareness to recognize when it is occurring. In Figley 1995, Charles Figley, a scholar with expertise in psychotherapy and traumatic stress, noted the paucity of literature surrounding CF in psychotherapy professionals. Figley (1995) suggested *Due to the novel coronavirus pandemic, email communication is the preferred correspondence method. * Kathryn M. Chachula [email protected] 1
Faculty of Health Studies - Department of Nursing, Brandon University, 270-18th Street, Brandon, MB, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
that the terms ‘compassion fatigue’ and ‘compassion stress’ are appropriate to connote ‘the cost of caring’ in those who help others. In two recent concept analyses of CF in nurses, CF included decreased energy, exhaustion, loss of power, physical complaints, irritability, intent-to-quit, and provision of poor-quality care (Peters 2018) wherein “the compassionate energy that is expended by nurses has surpassed their
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