A comprehensive study of document security system, open issues and challenges
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A comprehensive study of document security system, open issues and challenges Riaz A. Khan 1
& Sajaad A. Lone
1
Received: 22 April 2020 / Revised: 16 September 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The privacy and security of identity documents like Passports, PAN cards, Driving License as well as other important personal documents like academic degree certificates are now at an all-time high, given how easy and cheap the new technologies make it to produce forged documents which not just carry threat to an individual’s respect in society or career aspirations but can also prove to be life threatening if they are placed in the wrong hands. Thus, it is very important to have mechanisms that prevent or rather make it computationally unfeasible to forge these important documents. In this paper, we present an extensive review of techniques aimed at making tamper resistant physical documents, published across last two decades. We provide an in-depth classification of the means used for securing documents in the existing literature, discuss their limitations, open areas and future insights to address the open issues and challenges. Keywords Physical document security . Anti-counterfeiting . Impersonation . Privacy . Biometrics . RFID . QR codes
1 Introduction Physical documents in one’s life can range from identity documents (ID) such as Local and National Identification Cards, Residence Certificate, Employee ID’s, birth and death certificates, Driving Licenses, Military Identification certificate as well as a person’s academic records. These documents are used for authenticating an individual’s’ identity and credentials in a variety of applications. Erstwhile to computers and more so internet, all documents were issued and processed manually. However, since computers have taken over, resulted in automation of printing which is responsible for creation of these
* Riaz A. Khan [email protected]
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Kashmir, (J&K) 192122, India
Multimedia Tools and Applications
documents as well as a major source of their storage and disbursal. Recent advances in printing technology and image processing has made it possible to produce forged documents that are practically indistinguishable from the original ones. This would result in rendering the identity documents invalid as anyone can impersonate a fake identity or have fake academic credentials. Such fake ID’s have widespread use and are freely available in the black markets both online and offline throughout the world. They can be used by criminals such as terrorists, drug smugglers, human traffickers, and assassins to enter a region without being noticed and carrying out unlawful activities without coming under any radar [27, 81]. According to [37], about 500,000 people in the United States are a victim of fake ID’s annually, accounting for a negative financial crisis of approximately $7
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