A Cooperative Heterogeneous Vehicular Clustering Mechanism for Road Traffic Management
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A Cooperative Heterogeneous Vehicular Clustering Mechanism for Road Traffic Management Iftikhar Ahmad1,3 · Rafidah Md Noor1,2 · Muhammad Reza Zaba1 · Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi4 · Muhammad Imran5 · Muhammad Shoaib5 Received: 31 May 2018 / Accepted: 16 January 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The vehicular ad-hoc networks integrates with long-term evolution (LTE) forming a heterogeneous network, capable of providing seamless connectivity, which meets the communication requirements of intelligent transportation systems. However, heterogeneous network-based applications involve LTE resource (data and spectrum) usage cost and must be taken care while developing such a solution. One of the scenarios is the access of the information to/from remote server over the internet via LTE for road traffic management applications. Although clustering of the vehicle is significant to minimize the data and LTE network usage, however, the problem of non-cooperation of the vehicles in clustering process and within a cluster are major issues in sharing costly data acquired from the internet. Because, who and why one (vehicle) should pay the cost is the big question, proliferating the non-cooperative behavior among the cluster members. To solve these issues, strategic game-theoretic based clustering mechanism named as cooperative interest-aware clustering (CIAC) is developed. The proposed CIAC not only balance the cost of usage by controlling non-cooperative behavior among the vehicles within the cluster but at the same time motivate vehicles to participate in the clustering process to share the data and cost as well. It consists of a cluster head selection process based on the strategic game-theoretic approach and a fair-use policy. The implementation results show superiority in performance of our protocol over the existing approaches. Keywords VANET · Road traffic management · LTE · Vehicular clustering · Cooperation · Game theory
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Iftikhar Ahmad [email protected] Rafidah Md Noor [email protected]
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
123
International Journal of Parallel Programming
1 Introduction Traffic congestion on roads in urban areas place pressure on transportation infrastructures and cause damage to the economy, human health, and the environment. Countries spend large amounts of money to enable transportation systems to handle increasing traffic on roads. The U.S. Department of Transportation invested and focused on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication that is based on dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). Researchers also focus on telecom networks as a part of the solution. The integration of VANET with telecom technologies provides promising solutions for road traffic management. Traffic efficiency applications require a heterogeneous network that demonstrates low latency, reliability, and speedy communication to send periodic traffic updates to remote servers. These applications optimize vehicle flow to reduce congestion and trave
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