A critical approach of cash-in-transit regulation and organisation from a situational crime prevention perspective
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A critical approach of cash‑in‑transit regulation and organisation from a situational crime prevention perspective Wim Hardyns1 · Marc Cools1 · Olivier Maes2
© Springer Nature Limited 2019
Abstract This article aims to assess the current Belgian CIT Decree of 2003, which can be considered to be the most stringent of all European Countries, from a situational crime preventive perspective in order to formulate recommendations as the current legal framework is due to be reviewed. It is argued that although the legislator clearly bases the underlying CIT policy on theoretical principles of situational crime prevention, the practical translation lacks consistency and direction: several measures contradict each other, the added value is questionable and/or gives rise to practical implementation issues. This article generates an insight of how situational crime prevention is and can be used in a CIT-setting. Keywords Cash-in-transit · Situational crime prevention · Security · Offender · Opportunity
Introduction Since 2007, Belgium—in contrast to other European countries—did not encounter a single attack on a banknote CIT-transport. The general and overall introduction of Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems (IBNS) in 2007 ended a period of intensive and fatal attacks on CIT-transports (M.v.T Doc 54 2388/001). In comparison to other European countries, the number of attacks in Belgium already started to decrease in 20051 (Parliamentary Proceedings 2012). Although Belgium was able to
1 Eight attacks and 2 attempts in 2005 and 5 attacks and 3 attempts in 2006; since April 24th 2006, no more attacks on notes transport were registered.
* Olivier Maes [email protected] 1
Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
2
Criminological Sciences, Loomis, Ghent, Belgium
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W. Hardyns et al.
end CIT attacks, on a European level the number of CIT attacks was at its zenith in 2007 and only started to decrease significantly in 2010 (ESTA 2018; Currency News 2018). In consequence with this, Belgium in 2017 did not encounter a CIT attack while in Europe the total number of attacks increased by 8.5% as to 2016 (Ibid.). Whether or not the crime drop is related to the Royal Decree on the surveillance and protection when transporting valuables and regarding the technical characteristics of the vehicles for valuable transport (CIT Decree 2003), it contains a mixture of divergent situational crime preventive measures and can be considered as the most stringent CIT regulation within Europe (COESS and UNI-Europa 2004, 2006). Since the CIT Decree was established in 2003, it underwent many changes and different situational crime prevention measures were introduced based on different rationales. In that regard, the objective of this article is to critically assess the CIT Decree from a situational crime preventive perspective. A case study will be conducted based on literature appraisal regarding routine activity theory and situational crime prevention mod
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