A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Tobacco Use and Concurrent Alcohol and Substance Use Among Patients Living with HIV/HCV Co
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A Cross‑Sectional Analysis of Tobacco Use and Concurrent Alcohol and Substance Use Among Patients Living with HIV/HCV Co‑infection: Findings from a Large Urban Tertiary Center Omar T. Sims1,2,3,4,5 · Asti Jackson6 · Yuqi Guo7 · Duong N. Truong8,9 · Emmanuel A. Odame10 · Hadii M. Mamudu11 Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with tobacco use among patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were analyzed of patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection (n = 313) who presented for clinical evaluation and treatment of HCV between 2013 and 2017 at a university-affiliated HIV/HCV Co-infection Clinic. The prevalence of tobacco use in patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection was 48%. Compared to non-smokers, a higher proportion of tobacco smokers had substance use disorders and concurrent alcohol and substance use. In the multivariate analysis, concurrent alcohol and substance use was positively associated with tobacco use. The findings suggest clinical interventions are urgently needed to reduce tobacco use among patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection—a doubly-vulnerable immunocompromised population. Otherwise, failed efforts to dedicate resources and targeted behavioral interventions for this respective population will inhibit survival—especially considering the recent and evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords HIV · HCV · Tobacco · Smoking · Alcohol use · Substance use
* Omar T. Sims [email protected] 1
Department of Social Work, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3137 University Hall, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294‑1260, USA
2
Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
3
Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
4
Integrative Center for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
5
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
6
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
7
Department of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
8
Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
9
Collat School of Business, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
10
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 530B, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
11
Department of Health Services Manageme
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