A decentralized lightweight blockchain-based authentication mechanism for IoT systems
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A decentralized lightweight blockchain-based authentication mechanism for IoT systems Umair Khalid1 • Muhammad Asim1 Laura Rafferty3
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Thar Baker2 • Patrick C. K. Hung3 • Muhammad Adnan Tariq1
•
Received: 28 August 2019 / Revised: 11 January 2020 / Accepted: 27 January 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm branded by heterogeneous technologies composed of smart ubiquitous objects that are seamlessly connected to the Internet. These objects are often deployed in open environments to provide innovative services in various application domains such as smart cities, smart health, and smart communities. These IoT devices produce a massive amount of confidentiality and security-sensitive data. Thus, security of these devices is very important in order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the system. In this paper, a decentralized authentication and access control mechanism is proposed for lightweight IoT devices and is applicable to a large number of scenarios. The mechanism is based on the technology of the fog computing and the concept of the public blockchain. The results gained from the experiments demonstrate a superior performance of the proposed mechanism when compared to a state-of-the-art blockchain-based authentication technique. Keywords Internet of Things Blockchain Fog computing Authentication Smart city
1 Introduction The Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology, which acts as an enabler to interconnect intelligent and self-configurable devices ‘‘things’’ to establish an efficient
& Muhammad Asim [email protected] Umair Khalid [email protected] Thar Baker [email protected] Patrick C. K. Hung [email protected] Muhammad Adnan Tariq [email protected] Laura Rafferty [email protected] 1
FAST-NUCES, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
3
Faculty of Business and Information Technology, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
and dynamic platform for communication and collaboration [1, 2]. These devices are heterogeneous and resourceconstrained in term of storage, power and computation [3]. According to the recent study published by Gartner, the number of connected devices will raise up to 20 billion by the year 2020 [4]. Currently, IoT participates in almost every field of life (e.g., healthcare and transportation), while there are several IoT applications that automate daily processes (i.e., home automation). These applications include intelligent waste management systems, intelligent transportation systems, smart grid, smart parking, environmental monitoring, traffic management and multiple other applications [3, 5, 6]. IoT devices generate a huge amount of data, some of which may be confidential. For example, in smart healthcare systems, the devices attached to patients generate sensitive data, such as patient personal health status. This data is then, sent to the hospital and is c
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