A DSC study of some biomaterials relevant to pharmaceutical industry
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A DSC study of some biomaterials relevant to pharmaceutical industry Akhilesh Vikram Singh
Received: 5 May 2012 / Accepted: 31 July 2012 / Published online: 6 September 2012 Ó Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, Hungary 2012
Abstract The present investigation concerns with thermal analysis of biomaterials such as Chitosan, Xanthan gum, Guar gum Pectin, Karaya gum, Sodium alginate, and Psyllium husk mucilage. The DSC curve of the natural polymers showed its specific endothermic peaks and DHf values, and these will be helpful in determining the fitness of the polymers with active drug. The drug and natural polymer compatibility study is now one of the recognized methods for preformulation step in pharmaceutical drug development. All the natural polymers showed endothermic peak below 150 °C, and this make them suitable with a wide class of therapeutic drugs. Keywords Chitosan Natural gums Psyllium Alginate DSC
Introduction Biomaterial plays a vital function in pharmaceutical formulation development. They are used to play various roles because they possess properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and absorption enhancement. Recently, various studies were undertaken where researchers used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as analytical technique for compatibility study [1, 2]. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin, the second most abundant biomaterial in nature, which is a supporting material of crustaceans, insects, and fungal mycelia. Chitin is composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucose units linked by A. V. Singh (&) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected]
a b-(1 ? 4) linkage. Chitin was well explored in native and modified forms in drug development as a matrix former as well as mucoadhesive polymer [3–5]. Psyllium seed husks are obtained from the seeds from the Plantago species. The D-galacturonic acid and L-arabinose are the major constituents of the mucilage. Psyllium husks were evaluated for drug delivery applications with various active agents. [6–8]. Pectin is a complex mixture of polysaccharides that makes up about one-third of the cell wall dry substance of higher plants. The highest concentrations of Pectin are found in the middle lamella of cell wall, and Pectin is thought to consist mainly of D-galacturonic acid units joined in chains by means of a-(1 ? 4) glycosidic linkage. The Pectin has been evaluated as controlled release and colon targeted polymer with various active pharmaceutical ingredients [9, 10]. Guar gum is obtained from the endosperm of the seed of the guar plant, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (syn. Cyamopsis psoralioides). Guar gum is mainly consisting of the high molecular weight polysaccharides composed of galactomannans which are consisting of a linear chain of (1 ? 4)-linked b-D-mannopyranosyl units with (1 ? 6)linked a-D-galactopyranosyl residues as side chains. The mannose:galactose ratio is approximately 2:1 in guar gum [11]. Xanthan gum is a heteropolysaccharid
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