A Dual-Type Electrochromic Device Based on Complementary Silica/Conducting Polymers Nanocomposite Films for Excellent Cy
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07273-9 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
A Dual-Type Electrochromic Device Based on Complementary Silica/Conducting Polymers Nanocomposite Films for Excellent Cycling Stability SIHANG ZHANG,1 FEI HU,2 SHENG CHEN ,2,3 ZOUFEI DU,1 HONGCHAO PENG,2 FENG YANG,1 and YA CAO1,4 1.—State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. 2.—Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]
In this work, the silica/polyaniline (SiO2/PANI) and silica poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (SiO2/PEDOT) core/shell composite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The SiO2/ PANI nanocomposite film was employed as the anodically coloring electrode, and the SiO2/PEDOT nanocomposite film was employed as the cathodically coloring electrode. A viscous gel electrolyte (GE) of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) dissolved in propylene carbonates was used in an electrochromic device (ECD). The architectural design of dualtype ECD was glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/SiO2-PANI/GE/SiO2-PEDOT/ ITO/glass. Compared with the single-type ECD based on SiO2/PANI and SiO2/ PEDOT nanocomposite films, the dual-type ECD exhibited larger optical modulation, faster response speed, higher coloration efficiency and better cycling stability. Key words: SILICA, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), chemical oxidative polymerization, nanocomposite film, electrochromic device
INTRODUCTION Electrochromism is a reversible optical change in materials upon redox reaction in the presence of external potential.1 Electrochromic materials have gained considerable interest owing to their potential applications such as smart windows, anti-glare rearview mirrors, displays and camouflage.2 The main types of electrochromic materials are: the metal oxide, metal coordination complexes, metal hexacyano metallates and conjugated conducting polymers.3 Early studies of electrochromism mainly focus on inorganic metal oxide such as transition metal oxide films of tungsten or nickel due to their
(Received October 20, 2018; accepted May 3, 2019; published online May 13, 2019) Sihang Zhang and Fei Hu have contributed equally to this work.
high optical modulation.4,5 However, many of these materials suffer from long response time, single color change, difficulty in processing and compatibility problems.6 Recently, electrochromic applications based on conjugated conducting polymers have drawn much attention due to short response time, ease of processing, high contrast ratio and multiple color possibilities.7 Polyaniline (PANI), as one of the intrinsically conducting polymers, is a very promising material because of its ease of synthesis, low cost of monomer, tunable properties and good environmental stability.8 PANI has been widely ap
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