A facile synthesis method and fracture toughness evaluation of catfish bones-derived hydroxyapatite
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.172
A facile synthesis method and fracture toughness evaluation of catfish bones-derived hydroxyapatite E.S Akpana, M. Daudaa, L.S Kuburia, D.O Obadaa,b* a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Africa Center of Excellence on New Pedagogies in Engineering Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
b
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract In this study, biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) bones. First, the as-received catfish bones were de-proteinized in open air, and then converted to HAp by a solid state heat treatment method at a temperature of 900 oC for a holding time of 2 h in a muffle furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that HAp with high crystallinity of 99.9% was formed matching the structural properties of flouroapatite with crystallite sizes of approximately 37.1 nm. The morphology of the HAp prepared showed irregularly shaped particles and revealed the appearance of open pores with a less agglomerated structure and a Ca/P ratio of about 1.58. The specific mechanical properties: hardness, compressive strength and fracture toughness of the catfish derived scaffolds were recorded as 480 MPa, 1.92 MPa, and 5.72 Mpa. respectively. The fracture toughness of the HAp derived scaffolds suggests that the produced biomaterial is promising for biomedical applications. These findings are useful for the production and application of the HAp powders prepared from catfish bones, and further suggests a possible low-cost route for producing inexpensive ceramics using natural catfish bones.
1. INTRODUCTION The natural bone is typically made up of a bulk mass of inorganic calcium phosphate-based minerals known as hydroxyapatite (HAp). Research trend shows that hydroxyapatite (HAp) play a critical role in human bone resuscitation such as bone tissue regeneration or replacement, tissue engineering, amongst others [1]. HAp, being a natural bone mineral of human beings can be gotten from synthetic or natural sources with the aid of various techniques such as chemical precipitation method, sol-gel method and conventional sintering method. HAp, has over the years been preferred as a biomaterial
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for biomedical applications due to its bioactivity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and noninflammatory nature [2]. Synthesis of HAp from chemical sources may be complicated or sometimes regarded as an unsafe process in biological terms [3]. Therefore, natural biowaste sources like fish bones, seashells, animal bones and eggshells [4-6, 37] are preferred options. Chemical analysis has shown that these biowaste products are rich in calcium, making the production of HAp from them to be considered ec
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