A fast digital chip implementing a real-time noise-resistant algorithm for estimating blood pressure using a non-invasiv
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TECHNICAL PAPER
A fast digital chip implementing a real-time noise-resistant algorithm for estimating blood pressure using a non-invasive, cuffless PPG sensor Jeremy H.-S. Wang1 • Ming-Hua Yeh1 • Paul C.-P. Chao1,2 • Tse-Yi Tu1,3 • Yung-Hua Kao1 Rajeev Pandey1
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Received: 15 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A fast digital chip is designed and fabricated successfully to implement the algorithm for estimating blood pressure (BP) in real time by a non-invasive cuffless photoplethysmogram (PPG) Sensor. The fast response accomplished by this digital computation chip is made possible by one-time calibration only and the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSMC) T18 process to realize the chip in an area of 3.97 mm2. The experimental result shows that the overall power consumption of the chip is 15.62 mW. Finally, the blood pressure measurement platform has been developed with a user interface (UI) for long-term continuous cuffless BP measurement. The non-invasive blood pressure sensor is applied to the wrist arteries of 44 subjects for sensing the PPG pulsation of the blood vessel, and then estimating BPs (blood pressures). Measurement results shows that the maximum error in the BP measurement is ± 6 mmHg. Which is less than 8 mmHg, defined by the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard.
1 Introduction Increased blood pressure (BP) is one of the leading risk factors of mortality in the world, which is often caused by coronary heart disease, and ischemic as well as hemorrhagic strokes. Blood pressure levels have been shown to be positively and continuously related to the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Therefore, the medical industry that prevents risk factors is increasingly value the continuous monitoring of BP in various countries. With the advancement of the technology, digital transformation of the smart heath care system is highly in demand. For global home healthcare market, the market size was valued at USD 281.8 billion in 2019 and is expected to register a CAGR of 7.9% over the forecast period (Grand view research 2020). There are two increase factors which are population aging around the world and increased patient preference for value-based healthcare to & Paul C.-P. Chao [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
2
Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 320, Taiwan
fuel market growth. For these two groups, the blood pressure is an important physiological bio-sign to monitor, since prolonged abnormal blood pressure precipitates different kinds of cardiovascular diseases. The early detection of hypertension is extremely important for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases. In the
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