A gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method for direct and rapid determination of small molecule volatile org
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PROTOCOLS AND METHODS
A gas chromatography‑flame ionization detection method for direct and rapid determination of small molecule volatile organic compounds in aqueous phase Jia Zhou1,2 · Xiaoqing Lu1,2 · Baoxia Tian1,2 · Chonglong Wang3 · Hao Shi1,2 · Chuping Luo1 · Xiangqian Li1,2 Received: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract It is still difficult to directly detect low content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water samples by gas chromatography (GC) because when water is the only solvent, it would result in the instability and poor repeatability of peak retention time and peak shape. The adverse effects of water on direct GC analysis of VOCs cannot be significantly reduced or eliminated by simply changing the detection condition of GC. However, it was found that the addition of methanol in samples to a certain final proportion, such as 50 or 75% (v/v), could greatly reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of water. By using 75% (v/v) methanol as a solvent, the standard curves of ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and isopropanol with correlation coefficient (R 2) over 0.99 were successfully plotted by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) in a certain concentration range, respectively. The results showed that the retention time and peak shape stability of ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and isopropanol in aqueous solution were greatly improved by the addition of methanol to final concertation of 75% (v/v). To verify the practical application potential of this method, the method was applied to the detection of components in isopropanol fermentation wastewater. The results showed that the method has well applicability and reliability. The key points in the application of this method were also summarized. This GC analysis method would have a wider and better application prospect in the detection of water-soluble organic matters. Keywords Gas chromatography · Isopropanol · Methanol · Volatile organic compounds
Introduction In the production of the biological fermentation industry and chemical industry, some water-soluble and volatile small molecular organic compounds are often used or produced, such as common ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and * Jia Zhou [email protected] * Xiangqian Li [email protected] 1
Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, HuaiYin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, People’s Republic of China
2
Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
isopropanol (Chen and Hiu 1986; Cui et al. 2020; Baral et al. 2016). These substances may be discharged into the environment with sewage and cause pollution. The traditional method of water sample detection is based on chemical analysis, of which the procedure is tedious, time-consuming, and low sensitivit
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