A generalized chaotic baker map configuration for reducing the power loss under shading conditions
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A generalized chaotic baker map configuration for reducing the power loss under shading conditions Venkata Madhava Ram Tatabhatla1 · Anshul Agarwal1 · Tirupathiraju Kanumuri1 Received: 16 May 2019 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Shading of photo-voltaic panels is one of most common reason for power reduction in practical scenarios. This also causes multiple maximum peaks, thereby resulting in distortion of characteristic curves. In order to overcome the effect of shading, reconfiguration of panels is essential. In this work, the Chaotic Baker Map is proposed to reconfigure the panels in Solar Photo-Voltaic (SPV) Array. The Chaotic Baker Map, being an image processing technique, relocates the panels in SPV Array which is analogous to relocation of pixels within an image. The proposed approach augments the output power and minimizes the power loss by dispersing the concentrated shade throughout the array. The results of the proposed approach are compared to hitherto known configurations under wide range of shading spectrum for different sizes of SPV Array to support the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Keywords Solar Photo-Voltaic Array · Partial shading · Array reconfigurations · Chaotic Baker map (CBM) · Shade dispersion · Power generation
1 Introduction The ever-increasing demand for energy around the world is matched by the abundant availability of solar energy. The energy generated by the solar photo-voltaic (SPV) has received widespread acclaim in the public because of the technological advances and governments are also offering subsidies and cost reduction. Despite major technological improvements, there are some drawbacks, such as low conversion efficiency, use only on sunny days, and uncontrolled environmental conditions that degrade output parameters. [31]. One of the foremost factors affecting the output power of the SPV system is the damage caused by an imbalance in the electrical characteristics of the panels in the SPV Array. Frequent causes of imbalance include manufacturing defects, poor solder bonds, aging modules and shading. From the above, shading conditions can have a biased effect on the entire system. Shading is inevitable in many cases though the panels are placed and affixed properly. This is because of the space limitations and is mostly occurred due * Anshul Agarwal [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
to nearby buildings or huge erected structures. Moreover, poor maintenance may also result in accretion of dirt. This will also result in unsteady reception of irradiation. The shaded panels and unshaded panels have different electrical characteristics [27]. As the shade intensity increases, the mismatch increases. This in turn minimizes the energy harvest. In such circumstances, increasing the output becomes a major problem, since the deterioration of the output parameters depends not only on the shading a
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