A geospatial intelligence application to support post-disaster inspections based on local exposure information and on co
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A geospatial intelligence application to support post‑disaster inspections based on local exposure information and on co‑seismic DInSAR results: the case of the Durres (Albania) earthquake on November 26, 2019 O. Markogiannaki1 · A. Karavias2 · D. Bafi2 · D. Angelou2 · I. Parcharidis2 Received: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The current study analyzes how a geospatial intelligence application can turn into a useful operational tool in the immediate post-earthquake phase of infrastructure inspection that may have been affected by the co-seismic ground deformation due to very strong earthquake event. As a case study, the Durres (Central Albania) earthquake on November 26, 2019, has been investigated. In order to achieve this goal, free SAR images of the Sentinel-1 Copernicus satellite in both geometry of acquisition were used to create the differential interferograms and in the next step to convert them into deformation maps through phase unwrapping and convert phase to meters. Interferometric processing steps were carried out by the open and free ESA’s SNAP software. Then, from open sources, data were used to identify and localize the exposure in the affected area. By combining (overlapping) the above two datasets of knowledge, a geospatial intelligence tool has been created in which for every element of the exposure that was identified, the ground deformation that the area had suffered due to the strong earthquake was also known. Keywords Geospatial intelligence · SAR interferometry · Sentinel-1 · Exposure · Infrastructure · Albanian earthquake
1 Introduction Despite substantial increases in our understanding of geophysical hazards, the rates of loss from them have increased progressively over time, largely because of increased societal exposure. Specifically, earthquake risk is increasing globally more or less in direct proportion to exposure in terms of the population and the human-built environment. Although some areas’ exposure to earthquake risk is heavily monitored due to high-tech monitoring
* O. Markogiannaki [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
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Dept. of Geography, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Natural Hazards
capabilities, some others are often most poorly monitored although they may have greater exposure to risk. Satellite Earth observation (EO) has a major role to play in contributing to improve knowledge, mitigation, preparedness and management of geophysical risks. Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is a powerful remote sensing satellite sensor used for Earth observation (Curlander and McDonough 1991). It emits electromagnetic radiation and then coherently records the amplitude and phase of the returned signal to produce images of the ground. It has cloud-penetrating capabilities, as well as day and night operational capabilities. Spaceborne SAR interferometry is a technique that produces 3D topographic data of Eart
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