A GMDH Predictive Model to Predict Rock Material Strength Using Three Non-destructive Tests
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A GMDH Predictive Model to Predict Rock Material Strength Using Three Non-destructive Tests Diyuan Li1 · Danial Jahed Armaghani2 · Jian Zhou1 · Sai Hin Lai2 · Mahdi Hasanipanah3 Received: 24 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is considered as a significant parameter related to rock material in design of geotechnical structures connected to the rock mass. Determining UCS values in laboratory is costly and time consuming, hence, its indirect determination through use of rock index tests is of a great interest and advantage. This study presents a prediction process of the UCS values through the use of three non-destructive tests i.e., p-wave velocity, Schmidt hammer and density. This process was done by developing an intelligent predictive technique namely the group method of data handling (GMDH). Before constructing intelligence system, a series of experimental equations were proposed using three non-destructive tests. The results showed that there is a need to propose new model with taking advantages of all three nondestructive tests results. Then, several GMDH models were built through the use of various parametric studies on the most effective GMDH factors. For comparison purposes, an artificial neural network (ANN) was also modelled to predict rock strength. The obtained results of the ANN and GMDH were assessed based on system error and coefficient of determination values. The results confirmed that the proposed GMDH model is an applicable, powerful, and practical intelligence system that is able to provide an acceptable accuracy level for predicting rock strength. Keywords Rock strength · Non-destructive tests · GMDH · ANN · Predictive intelligence system
1 Introduction Strength and deformation of rock materials are identified as the most important parameters in any construction project connected to the rock mass. The International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) has proposed the unconfined
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Danial Jahed Armaghani [email protected] Mahdi Hasanipanah [email protected] Diyuan Li [email protected] Jian Zhou [email protected] Sai Hin Lai [email protected]
1
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
compression test (UCT) standardized to measure the rock elasticity (Young’s modulus, E), and rock strength (uniaxial compressive strength, UCS) [1]. This test is difficult, time consuming, and costly to determine the laboratorybased characteristics [2, 3]. Due to these imitations, indirect tests and methods are of a great importance and interest in literature. Many scholars (e.g., [4–6]) tried to establish a relationship between UCS/E and other rock index tests such as p-wave velocity, Schmidt hammer, physical-based and p
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