A green and simple method for energy storage and conversion application

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A green and simple method for energy storage and conversion application Zixu Sun1,2,*

, Kaibing Li2, See Wee Koh2, and Lishi Jiao2,3,4,*

1

Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for HighEfficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China 2 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, People’s Republic of China 4 Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, People’s Republic of China

Received: 31 May 2020

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 7 October 2020

In this paper, we report a green and low-cost method to synthesize Si-based anode applying setaria and corn leaf as raw materials. After carbon coating process, the as-prepared composite shows good electrochemcial properties with high reversible capacity and robust stability for lithium ion battery. Furthermore, the N-doped carbon derived from the corn leaf shows a maximum faradaic efficiency of 82.1% and a partial current density of 6.23 mA cm-2 with an overpotential of 0.72 V for CO2 electrochemical reduction.

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Springer Science+Business

Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Introduction Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density, high power density and long cycle life are extensively used in many applications, such as notebooks, smartphones, hybrid electric cars and state grid [1–5]. Currently, the commercialized graphite-based anode materials are in a dilemma due to its low theoretical specific capacity of 372 mAh g-1, and low rate performance, which limits its future applications of many aspects for LIBs [6–14]. Therefore, it attracts intense research interests to find the next-generation

anode materials with higher energy density, and higher power density [15–21]. Si-based anode materials are fascinating candidates to replace the graphite-based anode due to earth abundance and high theoretical specific capacity of 4200 mAh g-1 [22]. However, Si undergoes severe volume expansion (300%) and shrinkage during charge and discharge cycles, leading to the pulverization and poor contact of Si particles and poor cycle life [6, 23]. Furthermore, low electronic conductivity of Si particles results in significant capacity loss, whereas Li? remains irreversibly trapped within the Si electrodes [24–26].

Handling Editor: Mark Bissett.

Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05430-8

J Mater Sci

To solve the above mentioned issues, there are many strategies to design the various structures to optimize the electrochemical performance of Si-based materials [27–29]. One of the methods is to design nanostructured Si-based materials to