A History of Modern Urban Operations
This book investigates the complexities of modern urban operations—a particularly difficult and costly method of fighting, and one that is on the rise. Contributors examine the lessons that emerge from a range of historical case studies, from nineteenth-c
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gr eg ory f r e mon t-b a r n e s
A History of Modern Urban Operations
Gregory Fremont-Barnes Editor
A History of Modern Urban Operations
Editor Gregory Fremont-Barnes Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Camberley, UK
ISBN 978-3-030-27087-2 ISBN 978-3-030-27088-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27088-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Introduction
Various observers predict that urban warfare is on the increase, with recent events in Iraq, Libya and Syria indicating that the battleground is shifting inexorably to conurbations, large and small, so betraying the need for a closer study of urban operations. This trend towards the growing frequency of fighting in cities stems from the increasing urbanisation of societies and the essential need for the weaker side to benefit from the force-multiplying effects conferred on it by the defensive nature of this type of warfare, which ranks amongst the most arduous, time-consuming and sanguinary of all the various permutations of military operations conducted by combatants past, present and, almost without question, future. In the context of an insurgency, one can scarcely wonder why conventional combatant forces seek to avoid fighting in built-up areas whenever possible; where a weaker force cannot operate in open terrain lest it be destroyed by superior firepower and manoeuvrability it often chooses to compensate by seeking the cover of a three-dimensional, highly complex urban environment. The inability of conventional forces to manoeuvre troops and vehicles with ease, and constraints imposed on the need to limit collateral damage
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