A History of Women Philosophers Medieval, Renaissance and Enlightenm

aspirations, the rise of western monasticism was the most note­ worthy event of the early centuries. The importance of monasteries cannot be overstressed as sources of spirituality, learning and auto­ nomy in the intensely masculinized, militarized feudal

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A History of Women Philosophers

1. Ancient Women Philosophers, 600 B.C.-SOO A.D. 2. Medieval, Renaissance and Enlightenment Women Philosophers, 500-1600 3. Modern Women Philosophers, 1600-1900 4. Contemporary Women Philosophers, 1900-today

A History of Women Philosophers Volume II Medieval, Renaissance and Enlightenment Women Philosophers A.D. 500-1600 Edited by MARY ELLEN WAITHE University of Minnesota

Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Medieval, Renaissance, and Englightenment women philosophers, A.D. 500-1600. (A History of women philosophers; v. 2) Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Women philosophers. 2. Philosophy, Ancient. I. Waithe, Mary Ellen. II. Series. 189'.088042 87-15209 B105.w6M39 1989 ISBN-l3: 978-90-247-3572-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2551-9 DOl 10.1007/978-94-009-2551-9

Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nifhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.

Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.

In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

printed on acid-Jree paper

All Rights Reserved

© 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

Contents

Chronological Table Acknowledgements Introduction to Volume II, by Joan Gibson and Mary Ellen Waithe 1. 1. II.

III. IV.

V.

2.

1. II.

III.

Murasaki Shikibu, by Mary Ellen Waithe Introduction Background I. Shinto 2. Buddhism 3. Philosophical Evolution 4. Women Biography Writings 1. Ukifune 2. Existentialism Summary Hildegard of Bingen, by Elisabeth Gassmann - translated from the German by Katherine Best with additional translations from the Latin by Laura Dolby Biography Works I. Liber Scivias 2. Liber Vitae Meritorum 3. Liber Divinorum Operum 4. Writings on Nature 5. Other Works The Special Nuances of Hildegard's Image of God and of the Human Being

xii xv xix

3 3 4 5 6 7 10

12 13 24 27 27 31 33 40 43 46 50 51

vi

IV.

3. I.

II.

III.

IV. 4. I. II. III.

IV.

5. I.

II.

III.

6. I. II.

Contents 1. The Image of God 2. The Human Being as God's Image 3. Gender Symbolism 4. The Strength of Female Weakness 5. Woman and Wisdom 6. The Weakness of Male Strength Conclusion

51 53 54 56 57 58 59

Heloise, by Mary Ellen Waithe Biography Heloise the Scholar 1. Intellectual Background 2. Authenticity of Epistolae and Problemata Philosophy 1. Philosophy of Love 2. Material and Moral Responsibility 3. Views on Marriage Summary

67 67 68 68 70 73 73 78 81

Herrad of Hohenbou