A life-saving endeavor: The meanings and strategies of coping in patients with ectopic pregnancy in Iran
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A life-saving endeavor: The meanings and strategies of coping in patients with ectopic pregnancy in Iran Setareh Sarshad Shadman 1 & AbouAli Vedadhir 2,3
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aim of this study was to explore the experienced coping strategies by patients with an ectopic pregnancy in order to ameliorate the quality of treatment. This is a qualitative study based on a phenomenological tradition in which data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth phenomenological interviews with twenty-five married women, experienced ectopic pregnancy. Data were analyzed through an interpretative phenomenological analysis. “Life-saving endeavor” was the main theme that emerged from the participants’ experiences. It refers to a set of strategies used by women to cope with Ectopic Pregnancy. Life-saving endeavor consists of four subthemes, that is ‘submission to destiny’, ‘the blue sky after the storm’, ‘karma; the world’s supervisor’ and ‘setting foot on earth’. The results of this study reveal that women with ectopic pregnancy have implemented various strategies to cope with this complication of pregnancy, based on their life worldviews and beliefs. However, only those women who had a realistic angle to the disease were able to adapt to life again. As a result, accurate identification of these strategies and real comprehension of their life experiences by medical care providers, and applying positive experiences including a realistic attitude promotion to the other patients are recommended. Keywords Ectopic pregnancy . Life-saving endeavor . Reproductive health services . Phenomenological research . Women’s mental health
Introduction Ectopic pregnancy (EP), also called extra uterine or tubal pregnancy, as the best known cause of female mortality in the first trimester of gestation, is one of the most significant emergencies in pregnancy which often requires rapidly runnable intervention. Each pregnancy implants outside the endometrial cavity is defined as an EP (Jurkovic and Salman 2016). Nowadays, the incidence of EP is on the rise, to such extent that includes 1–2% of all pregnancies and 10–20 per 1000 live births (Ozan and Thomas 2018). According to the World Health Organization
* AbouAli Vedadhir [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Development Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, 1411713118 Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Anthropology, Faculty Social Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1411713118, Iran
3
Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
(2018), high-risk pregnancies including EP account for nearly 75% of all maternal deaths. Moreover, prevalence of EP varies among different countries. In the United States, among women hospitalized for EP, mortality increased from 0.29 to 1.65 per 1000 between 1987 and 1991 and 2010–2015 (Lisonkova et al. 2019). This complication of pregnancy has also increased in Iran over the past decade estimated 1.9% of per 1000 pregnancies in the years prior to 2006 and 3.7%, per 1000 pr
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