A long glacier mass balance record analysis in Chinese Urumqi Glacier No. 1 and the relationships with changes in large-
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A long glacier mass balance record analysis in Chinese Urumqi Glacier No. 1 and the relationships with changes in large-scale circulations Huai Baojuan 1 & Sun Weijun 1 & Wang Junyao 1 & Wang Yetang 1 & Li Zhongqin 2 & Zhang Hui 2 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract The 57 years of annual and seasonal mass balance records from observed mass balance made by the Tienshan Glaciological Station on Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UG 1), Tienshan Mountains, showed a detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal variability that reflect changes in the UG1 at regional scales. Glacier mass balances of UG1 showed negatively decreasing and accelerated mass loss since 1960. There were 42 negative mass balance years and 15 positive mass balance years during 1960– 2016. The abrupt change analysis showed from the year of 1993 with a shift to more negative balance. UG 1 is in the anomalous anticyclone edge zone, and this has facilitated the inter-decadal increase in summer precipitation over the Tienshan Mountains. Judged from the values of correlation coefficients and spatial distribution of all the stations in Xinjiang, mass balance change of UG1 appears to be controlled mainly through air temperature variations. While analysis shows that high correlation of mass balances of UG1 with EA/WR which indicated that the mass balance variability of UG1 is closely related to global climate phenomena. Keywords Mass balance variations . Large-scale circulations . Climate indices . UG1 . Tienshan Mountains
Introduction The mass balance of glacier is the sum of accumulation and ablation on the glacier during a certain period of time (Xie and Liu 2010). Glacier mass balance is the link between climate and mountain hydrology (Zemp et al. 2009; IPCC 2013), and its measurements are made to correctly reflect the state of the glacier. Many studies have shown that glacier mass balance is a good indicator of climate change in tropical areas where historical climate data are rare (Shi 2001; Dyurgerov 2002; Coudrain et al. 2005). Moreover, glacier mass balance directly reflects the changes in the glacier volume, melting, and runoff Responsible Editor: Stefan Grab * Sun Weijun [email protected] 1
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
(Jóhannesson et al. 1989; Holmlund et al. 2005; Ye et al. 2005; Han et al. 2006; Pu et al. 2008). Determined by mass processes mainly occurring on the surface of a glacier, glacier mass balance presents the accumulation and ablation rates of the glacier. It displays an undelayed response to climate variability and in situ meteorological conditions (Haeberli and Holzhauser 2003; Braithwaite 2002; Fischer 2010). Thus, understanding the glacier mass balance is necessary to explain the rate of shrinkage and to infer the impac
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