A Low Rhodium Content Smart Catalyst for Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation Reactions
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A Low Rhodium Content Smart Catalyst for Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation Reactions Stefano Paganelli1 · Riccardo Tassini1 · Vikas D. Rathod1 · Barbara Onida2 · Sonia Fiorilli2 · Oreste Piccolo1,3 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper describes the preparation, broad characterization and study of activity in hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions of an easily produced 0.18% Rh/Al2O3. Analytical studies on fresh and recycled samples shed light on the smart properties of such catalyst. Results showed high activity as well as fine/excellent chemoselectivity or regioselectivity, characteristics that may suggest a wide range of applicability. Graphic Abstract The low metal content catalyst 0.18% Rh/Al2O3 was very active in both hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions so providing intermediates for valuable APIs, as Nabumetone and Eletriptan, and a fragrance with a fresh, green-floral smell, that recalls scent of lily of the valley.
Keywords Heterogeneous catalyst · Hydrogenation · Hydroformylation · Rhodium · Alumina · Low metal content Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03407-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Stefano Paganelli [email protected] * Oreste Piccolo [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
3
Studio di Consulenza Scientifica (SCSOP), Via Bornò 5, 23896 Sirtori, LC, Italy
1 Introduction Nowadays, a lot of heterogeneous catalysts are commercially available on the market but often their performances (in terms of selectivity, activity, productivity and stability) and/or their cost are often seen as unsatisfactory or unsustainable. This is also due to the fact that they often show good activity only on specific and highly pure substrates. For these reasons finding a suitable catalyst for the investigated process can sometimes be very difficult [1]. Metal leaching in heterogeneous catalysts may sometimes be present, so catalyst recycle, one of the biggest advantages of heterogeneous
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catalysts, is unfeasible [1]. In addition to this, if the level of metal residues is not acceptable from a regulatory point of view, which is especially true for the preparation of pharmaceutical substrates, further and expensive purification steps are required. Many procedures were thus developed to overcome all these drawbacks and obtain efficient heterogeneous catalysts [2], the impregnation of metal/s on a support being probably the simplest and the most common one. Here, catalytic metallic species are dispersed on a pre-dried support by incipient wetness with an aqueous or non-aqueous solution of a suitable metallic salt precursor.
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