A methodology for developing scientific diversification strategy of countries
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A methodology for developing scientific diversification strategy of countries Elmira Janavi1 · Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh2 · Mojgan Samandar Ali Eshtehardi3 Received: 9 March 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the scientific system is a concern of scientific policymakers in each country. This research aimed to present a methodology to detect the strong and weak points of science in various countries by adopting the method of economic complexity. Subsequently, the formulation mode of scientific diversification strategies of different countries is introduced using the complexity approach. In this method, first the scientific diversity of each country and the ubiquity of scientific domains are calculated, and the fitness of the countries and the scientific complexity of the domains are accord‑ ingly estimated. Subsequently, the scientific domains creating the highest level of com‑ plexity, the least distance from the country and the most opportunity gain for that country are introduced as scientific productivity and strategy border of the country to diversify the scientific system of the country. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses as well as diver‑ sification strategies of the Iranian scientific system have been presented as a case study. The findings showed that the scientific domains that emerge as the efficiency frontier of scientific capabilities can be used by countries’ policymakers for scientific diversification. Keywords Scientific competitiveness · Scientific diversification · Scientific complexity
* Elmira Janavi [email protected] Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh Mj‑[email protected] Mojgan Samandar Ali Eshtehardi [email protected] 1
Department of Scientometrics, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
2
School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Faculty of Economics of Science, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Scientometrics
Introduction Nowadays, research is a key prerequisite for the development in each country and scientific progress is the prelude to increasing economic prosperity and social welfare. Therefore, assessing the quality of scientific research is a matter of concern to authorities and policy makers. Pinpointing the strong and weak points of scientific movements as well as identify‑ ing potential and actual capabilities of countries is a requirement of efficient and appropri‑ ate policy making in the field of research. In the context of research literature, diversification and specification have been used in different concepts and levels. Researchers such as Enduri et al. (2015), Wang et al. (2015), Rinia et al. (2001), Larivière and Gingras (2010), Yegros-Yegros et al. (2015), Levitt and Thelwall (2008) studied the diversification and specification of research in scientific papers and journals and examined the impact of interdisciplinary science on the eff
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