A Micro Optocoupler Based on a Microdisk Laser and a Photodetector with an Active Region Based on Quantum Well-Dots
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o Optocoupler Based on a Microdisk Laser and a Photodetector with an Active Region Based on Quantum Well-Dots N. V. Kryzhanovskayaa,b*, E. I. Moiseeva,b, A. M. Nadtochiya,b, A. A. Kharchenkob, M. M. Kulaginac, S. A. Mintairovc, N. A. Kalyuzhnyyc, M. V. Maximovb,c, and A. E. Zhukova a
b
National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia Zh.I. Alferov St. Petersburg Academic University, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia c Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 23, 2020; revised March 23, 2020; accepted March 26, 2020
Abstract—The feasibility of detecting the emission of a microdisk laser with a diameter of 23 μm with an active region based on InGaAs/GaAs quantum well-dots using a nearby photodetector (100 × 4000 μm) with a similar active region is demonstrated. For continuous lasing, a pump current of 20 mA, and a distance between the faces of the microlaser and the photodetector of about 100 μm, a photocurrent of ~10 μA was obtained, which corresponds to a photodetector sensitivity of ~0.9 μA/μW. Keywords: semiconductor laser, microdisk laser, quantum well-dot, micro optical coupler. DOI: 10.1134/S1063785020070111
Semiconductor cavities of disk geometry, which support whispering gallery modes (WGMs), can serve as a basis for creating energy-efficient and small-sized coherent radiation sources suitable for various applications [1–3]. In addition to the small mode volume and high Q-factor inherent in WGM microcavities [4], they are highly sensitive to changes and perturbations in the ambient medium [5]. The WGM field exponentially decreases behind the lateral surface of the cavity at a distance of 10–100 nm and, therefore, can interact with the material outside the cavity [6]. In this regard, WGM microcavities are very attractive for creating sensors for biomarkers, DNA, and proteins in low concentrations, as well as for detecting viruses and nanoparticles with single-particle resolution [7–9]. For these and other practical applications, it is desirable to use an optical coupler, i.e., combine a semiconductor WGM microlaser with a small photodetector. Such optical couplers with an open optical channel, which is exposed to external effects, can be used as various types of microsensors (biosensor, nanoparticle detection), for galvanic isolation, contactless control, etc. Despite the fact that the use of InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots as an active region of microdisk lasers gives advantages such as a high operating temperature, improved temperature stability of characteristics, low threshold current, and low sensitivity to nonradiative recombination, the output power of the injection
microlaser emitted in free space is rather small [10]. Nevertheless, in [11], the detection of radiation of a microdisk laser with a diameter of 100 μm with InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots using a nearby detector made of the same epitaxial heterostructure was demonstrated. To impr
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