A Millimeter Wave Phase Locked and Frequency Multiplying Source
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A Millimeter Wave Phase Locked and Frequency Multiplying Source Pinpin Yan & Wei Hong & Jixin Chen
Received: 14 November 2007 / Accepted: 11 January 2008 / Published online: 25 January 2008 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008
Abstract A millimeter wave phase locked and frequency multiplying source is proposed in this paper. The design includes an X-band phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer as the base frequency source, and a monolithic millimeter wave frequency tripler, which is developed by using OMMIC 0.18μm pHEMT process. The PLL and the tripler are integrated in a single circuit board to make a low-cost and compact frequency source with the size of 6cm × 5cm. Measurement shows an output power of more than 4.8dBm at the frequency range from 35 to 36.7GHz. A phase noise of about -92dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset is achieved. Keywords Millimeter wave . Frequency source . Tripler . Phase locked loop . Phase noise
1 Introduction With the rapid development of mobile communication, there is constant great demand for high speed and wide band communication systems. Millimeter wave frequency band is capable of supporting high speed data transmission since it has plenty frequency resources. Millimeter wave systems such as Local Multi-Point Distribution System (LMDS) [1] have been deployed in several countries. IEEE also proposed 802.16 series standard for future wide band wireless access. These systems and standards require low-cost and high performance circuit modules. Frequency source is one of the key modules, which offers local oscillator for frequency conversion, modulator and demodulator. It is important to implement low-cost and high performance millimeter wave frequency sources. The millimeter wave frequency source designed in this paper adopts phase locked and frequency multiplying scheme. It is composed of an X-band PLL frequency synthesizer and a millimeter wave frequency tripler, as shown in Fig. 1. The X-band PLL frequency synthesizer is designed based on a low-cost frequency synthesizer chip and a voltage P. Yan (*) : W. Hong : J. Chen State Key Lab. of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
Int J Infrared Milli Waves (2008) 29:282–290
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Fig. 1 Schematic of millimeter wave frequency source.
controlled oscillator (VCO) with integrated frequency divider. The frequency tripler is fabricated based on OMMIC 0.18μm pHEMT process with the output frequency range of 35 ∼ 36.7GHz.
2 Design of X-band PLL frequency synthesizer The main schemes of frequency synthesis include phase locked loop, direct analog frequency synthesis, direct digital frequency synthesis and hybrid synthesis, each has its advantage and shortcoming. PLL is used widely for the sake of the high spectrum purity and the high stability [2, 3]. Since frequency stability, spurious response and integration level are the main concern of wide band millimeter wave communication systems, PLL is chosen to implement the X-ban
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