A multi-objective stochastic model for a reverse logistics supply chain design with environmental considerations
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A multi‑objective stochastic model for a reverse logistics supply chain design with environmental considerations M. Saleh Moslehi1 · Hadi Sahebi1 · Ashkan Teymouri1 Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Some electronic devices have a short lifetime, and variety-seeking and consumerism are increasingly growing in today’s societies. Moreover, electronic wastes contain precious substances such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum. The proper disposal and processing of them by recycling offer considerable advantages to the environment, given the hazardous natures of such devices’ substances. The proposed reverse logistics with waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an important task considered by researchers, the use of which offers economic benefits and reduces the environmental impacts of wastes. The present study models the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) reverse logistics process as a bi-objective mixed-integer programming model under uncertainties. The mathematical model investigates two objectives: an economic objective and an environmental objective. The first is minimizing cost, while the second is maximizing the environmental score by reverse logistics processes in recovering and recycling. The parameters of demand and WEEE return rate which is obtained from the customer were considered as two uncertain parameters. A scenario-based stochastic programming (SSP) approach is applied to deal with the uncertainties. A case study of an electronic equipment manufacturer in Esfahan, Iran was included. The model was solved by a nominal approach and an SSP approach via the epsilon-constraint (EC) and augmented epsilon-constraint (AEC) methods to obtain optimal Pareto solutions and compare the methods. Finally, the optimal results of the two approaches were evaluated. The results indicated that the SSP approach using the AEC method had better outcomes. Keywords Reverse logistics · Waste electrical and electronic equipment · Scenario-based stochastic programming · Augmented epsilon-constraint method
1 Introduction Today, the development of technology and the use of such advances in electronic equipment have increased the manufacturing rates of various and new products. The increased number of consumed products, on the one hand, and the limited resources across the world and hazards arising from the improper disposal of substances such as chromium, cadmium, lead, and mercury in urban wastes, on the other hand, can impose irreparable harm to human health and the * Hadi Sahebi [email protected] M. Saleh Moslehi [email protected] Ashkan Teymouri [email protected] 1
School of Industrial Engineering At Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
environment. In recent years, recovery has drawn increasing attention across the world due to drivers such as green image, regulation pressure, economy, recovery value of endof-use (EOU) and end-of-life (EOL) produ
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