A multimethod approach examining the relative contributions of optimism and pessimism to cardiovascular disease risk mar
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A multimethod approach examining the relative contributions of optimism and pessimism to cardiovascular disease risk markers John M. Felt1 · Michael A. Russell1 · John M. Ruiz2 · Jillian A. Johnson1 · Bert N. Uchino3 · Matthew Allison4 · Timothy W. Smith3 · Daniel J. Taylor2 · Chul Ahn5 · Joshua Smyth1
Received: 24 July 2019 / Accepted: 7 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although dispositional optimism and pessimism are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), their relative independence and unique contributions to CVD risk are unclear. This study addressed these issues by using multiple indicators of optimism and pessimism and linking them to objective risk factors for CVD. A diverse sample of adults (N = 300) completed baseline assessments (including global reports of optimism and pessimism), a 2-day/1-night EMA protocol with ambulatory blood pressure (BP) at 45-min intervals, and had inflammatory markers and carotid intima media imaging collected. EMA reports of momentary positive and negative expectations were averaged to form intraindividual (person) means of optimism and pessimism, respectively. Optimism and pessimism were only modestly correlated between- and within-assessment methods. Higher pessimism, regardless of assessment method, predicted both lower odds of whether BP dipping occurred and a smaller degree of dipping, but was unrelated to other biomarkers. Optimism was not uniquely predictive of CVD risk factors.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00133-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * John M. Felt [email protected] * Joshua Smyth [email protected] 1
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
2
The University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
3
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
4
University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
5
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Pessimism thus appears to exhibit stronger relative contribution to risk indicators of CVD than optimism. Keywords Optimism · Pessimism · Ecological momentary assessment · Inflammatory markers · Carotid artery stenosis · Ambulatory blood pressure
Introduction Positive and protective factors that facilitate resiliency and promote cardiovascular health have recently become of interest (Boehm & Kubzansky, 2012; Crum et al., 2013; Felix et al., 2019; Pincus & Metten, 2010; Seery, 2011; Tsai et al., 2012; Walker et al., 2017). Optimism is one such positive and protective factor that has received attention (Boehm & Kubzansky, 2012; Rasmussen et al., 2009; Scheier & Carver, 2018). Several studies suggest that optimism promotes cardiovascular health in healthy individuals (Boehm et al., 2018; Giltay et al., 2004; Scheier & Carver, 2018) and is associated with fewer negative cardiac outcomes in clinical patients (Kim, Park, & Peterson, 2011). Some recent work, however, proposes that low pessimism, r
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