A New Approach for Data Security in Cryptography and Steganography
This work deals with the combination of cryptography and steganography to handle the problems of information security. A new encryption algorithm is proposed based on matrix scrambling which uses arithmetic operations, random functions, circular shifting
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Abstract This work deals with the combination of cryptography and steganography to handle the problems of information security. A new encryption algorithm is proposed based on matrix scrambling which uses arithmetic operations, random functions, circular shifting and exchanging operations to get the encrypted message. Further, security is enhanced by steganography method where the encrypted message is hidden in the image based on the gini index value. For each R G B component of the pixel, gini index is calculated and the component with least value will have the encrypted message. The proposed method provides dual security since the encrypted message is hidden at different positions of 4 LSB of image. Avalanche effect is used as the metric for analyzing the performance of the encryption algorithm. Keywords Cryptography effect Gini index
Steganography
Information security
Avalanche
P. Guttikonda (&) S.R. Kaviti Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology & Science, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected] S.R. Kaviti e-mail: [email protected] A.K. Popuri VFSTR University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected] A.K. Popuri S.V.U. College of Engineering, S.V. University, Chittoor, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 S.C. Satapathy et al. (eds.), Computer Communication, Networking and Internet Security, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 5, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3226-4_4
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1 Introduction Security of information passed over a network has become a fundamental issue and hence, the confidentiality is required to protect against unauthorized access and use. Cryptography and steganography are the two popular methods available to provide security. Cryptography and steganography when used individually provides security but when combined provides higher level of security [1]. An algorithm based on magic rectangle proposed by Suli Wu et al., uses random number approach, especially to select the sub-matrix randomly, helps to avoid the regularity in the resulted scrambling matrix which is transformed from plaintext matrix, hence improves the difficulty for decryption [2]. P-Hill algorithm which was put forth by HuLihong where the data is completely disrupted rearrangement by using 16 iterations [3]. Gurpreet Singh et al. proposed a hybrid encryption algorithm which integrates MVEA, Base64 and AES algorithm to improve the security of data [4]. Dipesh Agrawal et al. discussed about various techniques based on random bit image steganography and proposed some new methods of hiding a secret data into an image and also analyzed these steganography methods with the help of various analysis tools [5]. Badrinath R et al. proposed an approach by embedding the data (text file) in Least Significant Bits of the planes based on the minimum value constraint of MSB using variable embedding technique [6]. Manoj Kumar Ramaiya et al. presented unique technique for image steganography bas
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