A New Graphene Quantum Dot Sensor for Estimating an Antibiotic Concentration
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.29
A New Graphene Quantum Dot Sensor for Estimating an Antibiotic Concentration N.N.N. Ahamed1, W. Fan1, M. Schrlau2 and K.S.V. Santhanam1* 1. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623
*Corresponding author:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The graphene quantum dots (GQD) are unique for several different applications especially in the area of sensors as they provide a platform for large surface area on which sensing material can be attached. We wish to report here a new analytical method for sensing ciprofloxacin (CPFX) antibiotic using GQD electrode in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) which is based on the ferric ion interaction with CPFX. Ferric ion undergoes a well defined one electron reduction at GQD electrode in DPV at E p=0.310 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) with a peak width of 0.100 V. When nanomolar to micromolar concentrations of CPFX is present in the electrolytic bath, the ferric ion reduction peak decreases with the appearance of three new peaks at EpI=0.200 V, EpII=0.050 V and EpIII= -0.085V. The three peaks are attributed to the three stages of binding of CPFX with three positive charges of ferric ion. The decrease of the ferric ion peak at 0.31 V is proportional to the concentration of CPFX. Due to large surface area of GQD, the CPFX bound ferric ion shows enhanced currents in comparison to glassy carbon electrode. The sensor is fabricated by depositing GQD containing known concentration of ferric ion. The sensor response to different concentrations of CPFX is measured for an analytical purpose.
INTRODUCTION The use of antibiotics in humans, live stocks and agriculture has been causing concern on its effectiveness for the purpose for which it is meant to be used as excess usage of it results in the development of immunity [1,2]. Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) is a second generation fluoroquinolone widely administered for humans and livestock for a number of bacterial infections, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary track infections, typhoid fever and infectious diarrhea. Overdose of CPFX can cause muscle weakness and tendon rupture [2]. Due to the above reasons it is necessary to have a simple, portable and accurate sensor for CPFX. Currently used methods such as chromatography−mass spectroscopy [3], high-performance liquid chromatography [4], spectrophotometry [5], spectrofluorimetry [6], capillary electrophoresis [7], immunoassay [8], chemiluminescence [9] and electrochemical techniques [10] are either high cost or less reliable techniques. However, most extensively used methods include the electrochemical techniques (impedance spectroscopy, voltammetry) because of their low energy requirement, low cost, high sensitivity, short time requirement, and ease of use. The electrochemical method is based on the direct oxidation of CPFX which occurs at positive potentials
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