A New Procedure for Determination of Lateral In-plane Failure Modes of Reinforced Concrete Squat Shear Walls
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RESEARCH PAPER
A New Procedure for Determination of Lateral In‑plane Failure Modes of Reinforced Concrete Squat Shear Walls Sina Sohrabi1 · Mahmoud‑Reza Banan1 · Mohammad‑Reza Banan1 · Arya Zamiri1 Received: 30 September 2019 / Accepted: 21 January 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract Reinforced concrete squat shear walls (RCSSWs) are structural elements commonly used in low-rise buildings and as bridge pier-walls and building basement walls. RCSSWs lateral in-plane failure modes are diagonal tension, diagonal compression, and sliding shear, where all are shear dominant. Determination of these failure modes is especially required for seismic design and evaluation of RCSSWs. A new procedure for such determination is introduced based on modeling the wall as a twodimensional cracked reinforced concrete element modeled using the disturbed stress field model. This procedure considers the stress states of concrete and main rebars according to the shear dominant lateral nature of each failure mode of RCSSWs. The main stress-related behavioral indicators and their selected thresholds are presented. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed failure mode determination procedure is tested against 12 experimental cyclic test results. High accuracy and robustness are observed for determining different lateral in-plane failure modes of RCSSWs. Keywords Reinforced concrete squat shear wall · Lateral in-plane failure modes · Diagonal tension failure · Diagonal compression failure · Sliding shear failure
1 Introduction Reinforced concrete squat shear walls (RCSSWs) are used as a part of lateral load resisting system while carrying vertical loads. RCSSWs are structural elements commonly used in low-rise buildings and as bridge pier-walls and building basement walls. Lateral load resistance of these walls varies in service earthquake versus the design earthquake. In the former, the lateral load resistance role is implicated by limitation of stress and displacement development in other structural members. Whereas in the design earthquake, the lateral load resistance is procured by sufficient strength and ductility of the shear wall member. One of the most important characteristics of these types of shear walls is their high initial stiffness, causing the whole structure to have high stiffness and relatively small period of vibration. Consequently, high amounts of seismic shear demands following a dominant shear failure will be induced, upon the entire structure. For shear walls to be called squat, the height to * Mahmoud‑Reza Banan [email protected] 1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
length aspect ratio must be less than two (Gulec and Whittaker 2009; Paulay and Priestley 1992). Due to low aspect ratios of RCSSWs, low bending stresses occur under lateral demands. Consequently, the dominant failure mode of these walls is deemed as shear failure. Shear failure modes are brittle and exhibit low ductility and energy dissipation. Three lateral in-plane modes of shear failure
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