A new quality assessment and improvement system for print media

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RESEARCH

Open Access

A new quality assessment and improvement system for print media Mohan Liu1*, Iuliu Konya2, Jan Nandzik3, Nicolas Flores-Herr3, Stefan Eickeler2 and Patrick Ndjiki-Nya1

Abstract Print media collections of considerable size are held by cultural heritage organizations and will soon be subject to digitization activities. However, technical content quality management in digitization workflows strongly relies on human monitoring. This heavy human intervention is cost intensive and time consuming, which makes automization mandatory. In this article, a new automatic quality assessment and improvement system is proposed. The digitized source image and color reference target are extracted from the raw digitized images by an automatic segmentation process. The target is evaluated by a reference-based algorithm. No-reference quality metrics are applied to the source image. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed system. We show that it features a good performance in the extraction as well as in the quality assessment step compared to the state-of-the-art. The impact of efficient and dedicated quality assessors on the optimization step is extensively documented. 1 Introduction

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1.1. Significance of quality assessment in print media domain

Print media collections of considerable size are held by cultural heritage organizations (e.g., libraries and archives) and other content owners (e.g., publishers, financial institutions, hospitals or insurances) have been or will soon be subject to digitization activities. These organizations typically aim at • digitally archiving their print media collection and/ or; • making the content available for end-users at a grand scale. As the former is cost-intensive [1] and the latter may involve machine-based media analysis (e.g., text indexing for search or semantic clustering of texts) next to usability considerations [2], content owners face the challenge to safeguard the information contained within the print assets during transference from the analog to the digital domain. This involves measuring, interpreting, and, if required, optimizing the quality of each digital object * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Image Processing Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications - Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

(1) analog-to-digital conversion, (2) media processing workflow and (3) final image formats, especially if the latter were produced using lossy compression. In this article, technical content quality is understood as the amount of information contained within analog and digital media respectively. To optimally preserve information of the analog media • • • • • •

Color fidelity Spatial resolution Contrast/brightness Image geometry Sharpness Noise

and many other parameters [3] have to be faithfully conveyed by the analog-to-digital converter (e.g., camera or scanner) [4-6] and further processing steps in the digita