A new type of experimentally proposed in situ heat/gas clean foam fracturing fluid system
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ORIGINAL PAPER-PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
A new type of experimentally proposed in situ heat/gas clean foam fracturing fluid system Kuangsheng Zhang1 · Zhenfeng Zhao1 · Meirong Tang1 · Wenbin Chen1 · Chengwang Wang1 · Xinyu Mao2 · Nianyin Li2 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract When cold fluid is injected into low-temperature, low-pressure, low-permeability reservoirs containing wax-bearing heavy oil, cryogenic paraffin deposition and heavy oil condensation will occur, thus damaging the formation. Moreover, the formation pressure coefficient is low and the working fluid flowback efficiency is low, which affects the fracturing stimulation effect. Therefore, an in situ heat/gas clean foam fracturing fluid system is proposed. This system can ensure that conventional fracturing fluid can create fractures and carry proppant in the reservoir, generate heat in situ to avoid cold damage, reduce the viscosity, and improve the fluidity of crude oil. The in situ heat fracturing fluid generates a large amount of inert gas while generating heat, thus forming foam-like fracturing fluid, reducing fluid loss, improving proppant-carrying performance, improving gel-breaking performance, effectively improving crack conductivity, and is clean and environmentally friendly. Based on the improved existing fracturing fluid system, in this paper, a new type of in situ heat fracturing fluid system is proposed, and a system optimization evaluation is conducted through laboratory experiments according to the performance evaluation standard of water-based fracturing fluid. Compared with the traditional in situ heat fracturing fluid system, the fracturing fluid system proposed in this study generates a large amount of inert gas and form foam-like fracturing fluid, reduces fluid loss, enhances the proppant-carrying capacity and gel-breaking performance, improves crack conductivity, the gel without residue and that the gel-breaking liquid is clean and harmless. Keywords In situ heat/gas clean foam fracturing fluid system · Paraffin deposition · Heavy oil · Proppant-carrying capacity · Gel-breaking capacity
Introduction Fracturing stimulation can effectively transform low-pressure, low-permeability reservoirs, and increase productivity. It has become one of the main measures to stabilize and increase production in oil fields. At present, the most widely used fracturing fluid is water-based fracturing fluid. Conventional water-based fracturing fluid is suitable for most reservoirs, but it cannot achieve the ideal fracturing effect for low-temperature reservoirs that contain heavy oil. The * Nianyin Li [email protected] 1
Petroleum Technology Research Institute, Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2
primary reason for this is that cold fluid injection leads to cryogenic paraffin deposition and heavy oil condensation, which reduces the per
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