A novel approach for the evaluation of ice release performance of coatings using static friction measurements
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A novel approach for the evaluation of ice release performance of coatings using static friction measurements M. Martinsen , K. O. Hed, J. S. Diget, H. L. Lein
Received: 11 November 2019 / Revised: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Atmospheric icing on structures and equipment represents a challenge for operation and safety. Passive ice removal by ice-phobic coatings has received much attention over the last decades. The current state-of-the-art methods for quantifying the ice-release properties of such coatings suffer from a range of drawbacks, including poor reproducibility and high complexity test setups. Here, a facile rotational tribometer approach for measuring the static friction between polymeric coatings and ice is presented. The torque necessary to initiate motion at the coating-ice interphase was used as a measure of ice release. For a polydimethylsiloxane-based coating (Sylgard 184), the effects of ice-temperature, normal force, coating thickness, and dwell time (contact time between coating and ice at rest with fully applied normal force prior to applying torque) were established along with the conditions resulting in least data variation. With these conditions, tribology-based friction measurements were carried out on two additional coatings; a two-component polyurethane, and a commercial foul release coating. The outcome of the method, i.e., grading of the coatings in terms of antiicing effect, matched those obtained with a widely used ice adhesion test method based on ice shear adhesion Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00431-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Martinsen (&), H. L. Lein (&) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands Vei 12, 7491 Trondheim, Norway e-mail: [email protected] H. L. Lein e-mail: [email protected] M. Martinsen, K. O. Hed, J. S. Diget Jotun A/S, Hystadveien 167, 3209 Sandefjord, Norway
testing. The same trends are revealed by the two methods. However, the findings from the proposed tribology-based method result in consistently lower variation in outcomes and offer more detail on the ice adhesion and friction mechanisms. Keywords Ice adhesion, Static friction, Ice shear strength, Friction on ice
Introduction Ice accumulation on surfaces in cold climates represents a serious challenge from an operational, economical, and safety perspective. A prominent example of this is the ice accumulation on wind turbine blades, resulting in either impaired function, malfunction or shutdown of the turbines, along with the risk of ice fall and ice throw from the wind turbines.1,2 Atmospheric and sea-spray icing on life rafts and walkways of ships and offshore installations are other examples where icing poses a serious safety risk.3 Therefore, the development of antiicing and ice release coatings has been a subject of great interest over the last decade
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