A Novel Circulation Process to Effectively Produce Electrolytic Manganese Metal (EMM) with Low-Grade Manganese Oxide Ore
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
A Novel Circulation Process to Effectively Produce Electrolytic Manganese Metal (EMM) with Low‑Grade Manganese Oxide Ores and High‑Sulfur Manganese Ores Chang‑xin Li1 · Yuan Yu1 · Qing‑wu Zhang1 · Jun‑cheng Jiang1 · Hong Zhong2,3 · Shuai Wang2,3 Received: 7 October 2019 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract A novel circulation process of electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) production with low-grade manganese oxide ores (LGMO) and high-sulfur manganese ores (HSMO) was studied and developed. The unit operations mainly include dissolution of LGMO, purification of leach liquor and electrolysis for EMM preparation. Based on the theoretical thermodynamic analysis, a reductive roasting-acid leaching process for utilizing LGMO using HSMO as reductant was investigated. The leaching efficiency of Mn and Fe could get to 97.30% and 17.50% with conditions set as following, which have all been verified through a series of experiments: the material ratio of 1.67:1 (mass ratio of HSMO to LGMO, w/w), roasting temperature of 600 °C for 60 min, L/S ratio of 5:1, stirring speed of 150 rpm, sulfuric acid concentration of 1.0 mol/L and the leaching temperature of 60 °C for 35 min. Meanwhile, the reduction roasting-acid leaching process applies to the Mn extraction for assorted manganese dioxide ores in general. Furthermore, the leach liquor was purified in two steps, and following a scaleup electrolysis process was implemented to prepare EMM from the purified liquors. The uniform and dense α-Mn with bcc crystal structure, meeting the requirement of metallurgical industry standard (YB/T 051-2003), could be stably produced in 9-day incessant ongoing test. Keywords Low-grade manganese oxide ores · High-sulfur manganese ores · Reduction roasting · Acid leaching · Electrolytic manganese metal
1 Introduction Manganese is a essentially significant nonferrous element utilized in the manufacture of steel, fertilizers, cells and fine chemicals [1, 2]. Due to rapid consumption of rich manganese ores, the comprehensive utilization of LGMO has been put under the spotlight in the past few decades. * Chang‑xin Li [email protected] * Yuan Yu [email protected] 1
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
2
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
3
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
Therefore, multiple attempts have been made in the research and development of a process that guarantees the recovery of manganese from LGMO with maximum productivity yet at minimum cost. Since manganese dioxide is the major manganese mineral in LGMO, it is crucial to convert higher valent manganese oxides ( Mn4+ form) to lower ones ( Mn2+ form) that are easy to be dissolved in sulfuric acid [3]. In recent years, conventional pyro-met
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