A Novel Energy-Efficient and Distance-Based Clustering Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks
Hierarchical architecture is an effective mechanism to make the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) scalable and energy-efficient. Clustering the sensor nodes is a famous two-layered architecture which is suitable for WSNs and has been extensively explored fo
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Abstract Hierarchical architecture is an effective mechanism to make the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) scalable and energy-efficient. Clustering the sensor nodes is a famous two-layered architecture which is suitable for WSNs and has been extensively explored for different purposes and applications. In this paper, a novel clustering approach called the Energy-Efficient Distance-based Clustering (EEDC) protocol is proposed for WSNs. Selecting the cluster heads in the proposed EEDC is performed based on a hybrid of residual energy and the distances among the clusterheads. At first, the nodes with the most residual energy are elected and form an initial set of cluster-head candidates. Then the candidates with a suitable distance to other neighbour candidates are elected as the cluster-heads. The proposed algorithm is fast with a low time complexity. The proposed EEDC offers a long lifetime for the network, and at the same time, a proper level of fault tolerance. Different simulation experiments are done on different states and the algorithm is compared to some well-known clustering approaches. The experiments suggest that, in terms of longevity, the EEDC presents better performance than the existing protocols.
1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained worldwide attention in recent years, particularly with the proliferation of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology which has facilitated the development of smart sensors [1]. Such networks are composed of a large number of tiny sensors that can be used for M. M. Afsar (&) Sama Technical Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran e-mail: [email protected] M.-H. Tayarani-N. University of Southampton, Southampton, UK e-mail: [email protected]
V. Snášel et al. (eds.), Soft Computing in Industrial Applications, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 223, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00930-8_16, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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various applications [2]. Hierarchical and multi-layered architectures are suitable approaches for large networks, as they make such networks scalable and fullyconnected [3]. Clustering is a well-known two-layered architecture in WSNs which has been extensively explored in the past few years by researchers for different purposes. In the clustering approaches, the nodes are divided into different groups, and then some nodes, called the cluster-heads, are elected to represent the head of each group. The Cluster-heads are then responsible for gathering data from regular nodes, and aggregating and transmitting them to the Base Station (BS). One of the first major attempts in the area of clustering in homogeneous WSNs, is the LEACH [4] method proposed by Heinzelman et al. The LEACH protocol uses a random probabilistic approach for selecting the cluster-heads which assures a proper load balancing among all the nodes. The HEED [5] protocol is another method which uses a hybrid method for the cluster-head election. The r
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