A novel fast and small XOR-base full-adder in quantum-dot cellular automata
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A novel fast and small XOR‑base full‑adder in quantum‑dot cellular automata Hadisseh Ahmadi Mousavi1 · Peiman Keshavarzian1 · Amir Sabbagh Molahosseini1 Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Among cutting-edge nanotechnologies, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a well-matched substitute for transistor-based technologies. Full-adder as a primary element of computational circuits has a great effect on other circuits. Hence this paper presents a new schematic design of QCA full-adder (QFA) to implement an efficient layout with minimum cells. The simple structure of the proposed design in minimum latency makes the aforementioned layout unique among state-of-the-art QFAs. Besides, different sizes of ripple carry adder (RCA) are implemented using this efficient full-adder layout to show its applicability. The proposed design of this work are simulated using QCADesigner tool. Moreover, The proposed full-adder have verified with physical formulas. 32.43% decreasing cell count and 50% increasing speed is the result of a comparison between our optimum QFA layout and previously published design with a similar structure. Ultimately different sizes of ripple carry adders of this paper are compared to the previous layouts and results show the performance of suggested RCA’s structure. Keywords Nanotechnology · Quantum cellular automata · Full-adder · Ripple carry adder · Efficient layout
Introduction In recent decades, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), as a contemporary technology, has had a critical place in the development of very large scale integration systems (VLSI) from low power dissipation, ultra-density and high-speed aspects. The required scaling for integration is supported by it. But this technology is approaching its fundamental physical limits in the Nanoscale (Cho and Swartzlander 2007) and facing challenging problems including short channel impact, impurity changes, costly lithography and heat loss (Goswami et al. 2017). Some researchers have suggested using different methods such as modular circuits (Chang et al. 2015) and others have proposed using new technologies such as QCA and carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET) (Keshavarzian and Sarikhani 2013) to overcome these limitations. QCA is one of the most attractive proposed substitutes for current silicon transistor technology in the future according to the international technology roadmap for semiconductors * Peiman Keshavarzian [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Engineering, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
(ITRS) (Tóth and Lent 1999). Lent et al., have proposed QCA in 1993. This newfangled technology is empirically verified in 1997 (Hayati and Rezaei 2012). Tunneling phenomenon which causes high power consumption at the nanoscale in CMOS circuits is the major idea of QCA technology which smaller size of circuits leads to superior performance (Hashemi et al. 2012). Ultra compaction capacity, low power
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