A novel model to simulate venous occlusion plethysmography data and to estimate arterial and venous parameters
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A novel model to simulate venous occlusion plethysmography data and to estimate arterial and venous parameters Adriana Ribeiro de Macedo 1 & João Carlos Machado 2 & Leonardo Müller Sarcinelli Luz 3 & Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega 4 & Marcio Nogueira de Souza 2,5 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica 2020
Abstract Introduction Several models of venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) aim to detect venous mechanical dysfunctions. However, such models ignore arterial contribution to plethysmographic signal. Arterial resistance is an important factor because it regulates blood inflow through veins. Furthermore, modeling arterial compliance and resistance permits evaluation of arterial pressure throughout VOP protocol. Method This study presents a new simulation model and VOP data interpretation, making it possible to estimate arterial and venous mechanical characteristics. The model was evaluated using VOP data obtained under different vascular conditions (placebo, post-ibuprofen, and post-exercise). Results Estimated mean values of venous compliance were 0.34 ml/mmHg (placebo), 0.33 ml/mmHg (post-ibuprofen), and 0.27 ml/mmHg (post-exercise). The corresponding estimated values of venous resistance were 11.55 mmHg s/ml (placebo), 10.58 mmHg s/ml (post-ibuprofen), and 8.84 mmHg s/ml (post-exercise). The estimated mean values of arteriolar resistance were 132.14 mmHg s/ml (placebo), 123.93 mmHg s/ml (post-ibuprofen), and 95.36 mmHg s/ml (post-exercise). Conclusion The estimated values are consistent with previous VOP model results and with expected physiological behavior. The proposed model can provide further information for studies using the VOP technique including studies involving exercise, reactive hyperemia, mental stress, body temperature changes, and vasomotor substance administration. Keywords Venous occlusion plethysmography . Lumped model . Vascular mechanics
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are often related to premature death and loss of quality of life. Endothelial dysfunction is a preclinical and clinical evidence for risk of cardiovascular events (Daiber and Chlopicki 2020) and an early recognizable sign * Adriana Ribeiro de Macedo [email protected] João Carlos Machado [email protected] Leonardo Müller Sarcinelli Luz [email protected]
of atherosclerosis (Jonhson et al. 2019; Storch et al. 2017; Park and Park 2015), disease that has a long asymptomatic phase (Park and Park 2015). The endothelium is the vascular wall inner layer. Endothelium releases vasoactive factors controlling and modifying vessels’ tone and dimension, regulating blood flow and 1
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3
Petrobras Transporte, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
5
Department of Electronics, Engi
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