A Novel Perceptual Secret Sharing Scheme
In this paper, a novel perceptual secret sharing model namely PSS model is defined. Then, a general (1, k out of n) PSS scheme is proposed based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The proposed model has a large number of valuable features that previo
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School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China 2 Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32511, Egypt Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China {xuehu.yan,jianzhi.sang,xiamu.niu}@ict.hit.edu.cn, shen.wang@hit.edu.cn, ahmed rahiem@yahoo.com
Abstract. In this paper, a novel perceptual secret sharing model namely PSS model is defined. Then, a general (1, k out of n) PSS scheme is proposed based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The proposed model has a large number of valuable features that previous secret sharing schemes fail to have. Furthermore, the proposed PSS scheme satisfies P (l, k, n) threshold mechanism which means that no perceptual information of the secret data will be revealed when the number of shadows is less than l, the degraded perceptual quality will be recovered when the number of shadows is greater than or equal to l and less than k, the more shadows the better recovered perceptual quality will be. Lossless perceptual quality will be recovered when the number of shadows is greater than or equal to k and less than or equal to n that could control access for different owners. This property will be useful for prominent prevalence in real applications like pay-per-view videos, Pay- TV/Music and art-work image vending, video on demand (VOD), etc. Keywords: Perceptual secret sharing, progressive secret sharing, Threshold, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE).
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Introduction
Nowadays, the wide use of media data such as digital images or videos in various applications attracts the attention to the protection issues. In recent years, various cryptographic schemes have been proposed as a possible solution to the security of digital images, among which cryptography attracts more attention due to its prominent prevalence in real applications. In fact, cryptography provides a very powerful method to protect both confidentiality and robustness. In many applications like pay-per-view videos, Pay- TV/Music and art-work image vending, video on demand (VOD), the following feature namely “perceptual secret sharing (PSS)” is very useful. This feature requires that the quality
Corresponding author.
Y.Q. Shi (Ed.): Transactions on DHMS IX, LNCS 8363, pp. 68–90, 2014. c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
A Novel Perceptual Secret Sharing Scheme
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of visual secret data could be partially degraded after the sharing phase i.e., the secret is still partially perceptible after the sharing phase. Such perceptibility makes it possible for potential users to view low-quality copies of the media data products before buying them. Thus, it is advisable that the visual quality degradation can be continuously controlled by a control factor. This control factor is used a rough measure of the degradation due to the fact that there does not exist a well-accepted objective measure of visual quality of digital images. Fig.1 shows the general view of PSS.
threshold P(l,k,n) Control factor
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